The operation for cataract by extraction of the lens in its capsule is very briefly and imperfectly described and a guarded verdict is pronounced as to its place in ophthalmic surgery. It is acknowledged that this is the ideal operation for cataract, when it can be performed without special danger. Elliot's trephining operation for glaucoma is fully described and the results are admitted to be ...

Gene therapy has a growing research potential particularly in the field of ophthalmic and retinal diseases owing to three main characteristics of the eye; accessibility in terms of injections and surgical interventions, its immune-privileged status facilitating the accommodation to the antigenicity of a viral vector, and tight blood-ocular barriers which save other organs from unwanted contamin...

Comprehensive angiography provides insight into the diagnosis of vascular-related diseases. However, complex microvascular networks of unstable in vivo organs such as the eye require micron-scale resolution in three dimensions and a high sampling rate to access a wide area as maintaining the high resolution. Here, we introduce dual-beam-scan Doppler optical coherence angiography (OCA) as a labe...

The human ocular surface, consisting of the cornea and conjunctiva, is colonized by an expansive, diverse microbial community. Molecular-based methods, such as 16S rRNA sequencing, has allowed for more comprehensive and precise identification of the species composition of the ocular surface microbiota compared to traditional culture-based methods. Evidence suggests that the normal microbiota pl...

The ocular circulation provides readily visible information about the state of the systemic circulation, as well as being potentially of relevance to the pathogenesis of ocular disorders such as glaucoma. The interaction between intraocular pressure, retinal vessels and cerebrospinal fluid pressure located at the retrolaminar portion of the eye has been of great interest for both ophthalmic and...

Anatomy of ophthalmic artery has been thoroughly studied and reviewed in many anatomical and surgical textbooks and papers. Issues of interest are its intracranial and extracranial course, its branches, its importance for vision, and its interaction with various intracranial pathologies. Improvement of our understanding about pathophysiology of certain diseases like aneurysm formation, central ...

Nanotechnology is a subject that studies, processes, and applies various functional materials, equipment, systems, controls substances on nanoscale. Nanomedicine refers to its application in diagnosing, treating, preventing, monitoring diseases. Drugs administered through eye drops must travel long distance avoid barriers reaching the posterior segment of eye, achieve lowest drug level. This re...

Mitochondrial dysfunction commonly presents with ocular findings as a part of a systemic disorder. These ophthalmic manifestations can be the first sign of a mitochondrial abnormality, which highlights the key role of a comprehensive ophthalmic assessment. On the other hand, a number of visually disabling genetic and acquired eye diseases with no curative treatment show abnormal mitochondrial f...

The aetiology of most cases of lacrimation due to stenosis or obstruction of the upper lacrimal drainage system is not yet known, but in some cases it is due to infection of the lacrimal puncta and canaliculi when virus disease is localized in the eyes and eyelids. Attention has already been drawn to constriction and obstruction of the lacrimal puncta and canaliculi in ophthalmic vaccinia (Bouz...

Background: Curcuma longa is among the most commonly used spices in India and other Asian countries. The herb has also been used in Ayurveda and other traditional systems of medicine for the prevention and treatment of a variety of ailments. Curcuminoids are the major chemical constituents of C. longa that are of medicinal importance. Today, a large body of scientific evidence exists to indicat...