In recent years there has been growing interest in blood conservation and avoidance of transfusion in patients undergoing orthopedic surgery. The benefits of blood transfusion must be considered and evaluated in terms of risk factors relating to the adverse effects of transfusion. A number of strategies are available to reduce the need for blood transfusion. These strategies are maximally effec...

While degenerative lumbar spine conditions are common in the general population, there are unique considerations when diagnosed in high-level athletes. Genetic factors have been identified as a more significant contributor to the development of degenerative disc disease than occupational risks, however, some have postulated that the incessant training of young, competitive athletes may put them...

The second stage of labor is a dynamic event that may require assistance when maternal efforts fail to effect delivery or when there are nonreassuring fetal heart tones. Therefore, knowing how to perform an operative vaginal delivery with forceps or vacuum is vital for family physicians who provide maternity care. Vacuum is rapidly replacing forceps as the predominant instrument, but each has a...

Minimizing operative risks for the surgical team in infectious patients is crucial. We report on a patient suffering from Hepatitis C undergoing re-operative aortic valve and ascending aorta replacement for aortic aneurysm and paravalvular leakage due to recurrent endocarditis of a Smeloff-Cutter aortic ball prosthesis. Preoperative multi-slice computed tomography and real-time three-dimensiona...

Effective prevention is inarguably the best option for reducing the individual and societal burden of stroke. For each patient, clinicians balance the benefits of a given preventive therapy against its associated risks and costs. Where possible, these assessments should be based on the results of randomized clinical trials. Carotid endarterectomy (CEA), the most-commonly used surgical procedure...

Background and Objectives: Cholelithiasis is one of the most common biliary pathologies, affecting about 10-15% general population. At present, surgeries are done by laparoscopic procedures, have replaced open cholecystectomy, Sometimes, cholecystectomy easy can be quickly. In few cases, it will difficult various problems arise during surgery, requiring cholecystectomy. There a need to evaluate...

BACKGROUND The morbidity of pancreatoduodenectomy remains high and the mortality may be significantly increased in high-risk patients. However, a method to predict post-operative adverse outcomes based on readily available clinical data has not been available. Therefore, the objective was to create a 'Pancreatectomy Risk Calculator' using the American College of Surgeons-National Surgical Quali...

BACKGROUND Myomectomy has potential risks of complications. To reduce these risks, medical pre-treatment can be applied to reduce fibroid size and thereby potentially decrease intra-operative blood loss, the need for blood transfusion and emergency hysterectomy. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to study the effectiveness of medical pre-treatment with Gonadotropin-releasing...

background: observational studies, rather than randomized trials, revealed that statins might be associated with other benefits. objectives: the present study aimed at evaluating the preventive effects of lovastatin when used as a prophylactic agent for early and late infective complications after surgery. patients and methods: a total of 149 patients undergoing elective intracranial and spinal...