In arid and semi-arid ecosystems, shrubs may act as fertility islands but theireffect may vary depending on their morphology and ecological impacts. This research wasaimed to study effect of three shrubs Scariola orientalis, Astragalus heratensis, and Rosapersica on soil properties and on the microclimate conditions (temperature, luminance, andsoil moisture) of their understory in the steppe ra...

This paper is devoted to introduce and investigate some weak forms of fuzzy open mappings, namely fuzzy faintly semi open (fuzzy faintly semi closed), fuzzy faintly preopen (fuzzy faintly preclosed), fuzzy faintly α-open (fuzzy faintly α-closed), fuzzy faintly semi preopen (fuzzy faintly semi preclosed) and fuzzy faintly spopen (fuzzy faintly spclosed) mappings and their fundamental properties ...

In this study, we investigate the further properties of quasi irresolute topological groups defined in [20]. We show that if a group homomorphism f between quasi irresolute topological groups is irresolute at $e_G$, then $f$ is irresolute on $G$. Later we prove that in a semi-connected quasi irresolute topological group $(G,*,tau )$, if $V$ is any symmetric semi-open neighborhood of $e_G$, then...