The GnRH analogue (agonist and antagonist GnRH) changed ovarian stimulation. On the one hand, it improved chances of pregnancy to obtain more oocytes and better embryos. This leads to an ovarian hyper-response, which can be complicated by the ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS). On the other hand, the GnRH analogue can prevent the incidence of OHSS: GnRH antagonist protocols, GnRH agonist ...

BACKGROUND The first clues to the process of gamete activation date back to nearly 60 years ago. The mutual activation of gametes is a crucial event during fertilization. In the testis and ovaries, spermatozoa and oocytes are in a state of meiotic and metabolic quiescence and require reciprocal signals in order to undergo functional changes that lead to competence for fertilization. First, the ...

The oocytes of most mammalian species, including mouse and human, are fertilized in metaphase of the second meiotic division. A fertilizing spermatozoon introduces an oocyte-activating factor, phospholipase C zeta, triggering oscillations of the cytoplasmic concentration of free calcium ions ([Ca(2+)](i)) in the oocyte. [Ca(2+)](i) oscillations are essential for the activation of the embryonic ...

PURPOSE During stimulated in vitro fertilization (IVF) cycle, up to 30% of the recovered oocytes are immature ones which have poor fertilization capacity; however, the precise influencing factors are largely unknown. Here, we analyzed the association of oocyte immaturity with woman's age in IVF cycles stimulated by single regimen. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of one-hundred ninety five IVF c...

Final oocyte maturation with Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG) and ovarian stimulation with Follicle Stimulation Hormone (FSH) combined with Gonadotrophin-releasing Hormone (GnRH) antagonist to block Luteinizing hormone (LH) surge is a standard procedure of in vitro Fertilization (IVF) and Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection (ICSI). However, GnRH agonist has been replacing the use of hCG in certa...

Objective: To evaluate and compare cycle outcomes following triggering final oocyte maturation with dual trigger of concomitant gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) administration versus hCG alone for women expected normal ovarian response that underwent antagonist cycles intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). Material Methods: Women GnRH ICSI betwe...

Research suggests that a Motorcycle Autonomous Emergency Braking system (MAEB) could influence 25% of the crashes involving powered two wheelers (PTWs). By automatically slowing down a host PTW of up to 10 km/h in inevitable collision scenarios, MAEB could potentially mitigate the crash severity for the riders. The feasibility of automatic decelerations of motorcycles was shown via field trials...

This paper examines a metaphonic chain shift in Servigliano (Italo-Romance), in which /E, O/ raise to [e, o] and /e, o/ raise to [i, u] when stressed and followed by inflectional /i, u/. The paper also explores pre-tonic metaphony, whereby /E, O/ raise all the way up to [i, u] when followed by a stressed high vowel. First, an analysis of the data is developed using Optimality Theory with Candid...