[no abstract available]

this commentary explores the implications of increased social media marketing by drug manufacturers, based on findings in hyosun kim’s article of the major themes in recent food and drug administration (fda) warning letters and notices of violation regarding online direct-to-consumer promotions of pharmaceuticals. kim’s rigorous analysis of fda letters over a 10-year span highlights a relative ...

The online social networks have embraced huge success from the crowds in the last two decades. Now, more and more people get used to chat with friends online via instant messaging applications on personal computers or mobile devices. Since these conversations are sequentially organized, which fails to show the logical relations between messages, they are called asynchronous conversations in pre...

We present the development of T-UPPAAL — a new tool for online black-box testing of real-time embedded systems from non-deterministic timed automata specifications. It is based on a sound and complete randomized online testing algorithm and is implemented using symbolic state representation and manipulation techniques. We propose the notion of relativized timed input/output conformance as the f...

While many themes have been explored in relation to religion online—ritual, identity construction, community—what happens to religious authority and power relationships within online environments is an area in need of more detailed investigation. In order to move discussions of authority from the broad or vague to the specific, this article argues for a more refined identification of the attrib...

despite increased availability of online promotional tools for prescription drug marketers, evidence on online prescription drug promotion is far from settled or conclusive. we highlight ways in which online prescription drug promotion is similar to conventional broadcast and print advertising and ways in which it differs. we also highlight five key areas for future research: branded drug websi...

hyosun kim’s report “trouble spots in online direct to consumer prescription drug promotion: a content analysis of fda warning letters”aims to teach marketers how to avoid breaching current food and drug administration (fda) guidelines in their online drug promotion. while kim hopes to minimise the potential for online promotion to misinform consumers and the study is carefully conducted, teach...

In this article we report about a study to assess Dutch teachers’ Pedagogical Content Knowledge (PCK), with special focus on programming as a topic in secondary school Informatics education. For this research, we developed an online research instrument: the Online Teacher PCK Analyser (OTPA). The results show that Dutch teachers’ PCK scores between low and medium. Also we enquired whether there...

Recently, some researchers have developed incremental and online mining approaches to maintain association rules without having to re-process the entire database whenever the database is updated or user specified thresholds are changed. However, they usually can not flexibly obtain association rules or patterns from portions of data, consider problems with different aspects, or provide online d...