Taxation is one of the significant phenomena in any economy as it not only generates revenues for existing government, but also serves as a fiscal tool and stabilization policy. One of the main types of taxation is the petroleum tax which accounts for more than 30% of revenue for developed countries and more than 85% for developing economies. This work focuses on petroleum producing giants in ...

introduction: it was often believed that countries with natural resource abundance would undergo the process of development with a more accelerated pace in comparison to other countries. the experimental results, however, demonstrate a higher rate of success for countries which lack the said resources. the paradoxical effects of the possession, or a lack there of, natural resources on different...

developing countries that have almost oil reserves have no enough mega projects' management ability, technology and finance resources to manage and finish a mega project. host countries for achievement these technologies and resources have to cooperate with foreign and international companies.  different contractual frameworks are used in conjunction with obtaining these technologies and c...

according to resource curse theory, not only the revenues from selling natural resources do not result in economic growth, but also have some unpleasant effects on economy. this study shows that natural resources cannot be considered curse by itself , but it is the management of revenues which is important. the foreign reserves fund was established to control the effects of oil price volatiliti...

Oil resources are harder to get Oil is vital to industrial civilization in its current configuration as it accounts for a large percentage of the world’s energy consumption, ranging from as low of 32% for Europe and Asia, up to a high of 53% for the Middle East. Since 2005 and in the words of a spokesman from ExxonMobil, “All the easy oil and gas in the world has pretty much been found. Now com...

The coastal zone, with their vast resources of food, energy, and minerals, not only are composed of various fragile ecosystems, but are scenes of a variety of often conflicting uses. At present, the uncontrolled development of the coastal zone and the almost haphazard exploitation of their natural resources threaten to turn the promise of economic prosperity into an environmental nightmare that...

April 2015 Abstract We present evidence that the aggregate capital stock of firms in oil and gas exploration and development (E&D) as well as firms’ inventories help in explaining the dynamics of the slope of the futures curve for crude oil. Standard structural approaches for modeling the futures curve either highlight the role of inventory (storage models) or the rate of extraction (production...