Interfacial waves in core-annular pipe flow are studied through two-phase numerical simulations. Here the water annulus is turbulent, whereas oil core stays laminar. The low-Reynolds number Launder & Sharma k−ε model applied. By extracting moving wave shape from results and imposing this as a solid boundary single-phase simulation for gives (for pressure drop holdup ratio) that close agreement ...

An important theme of modern contract theory is the role contracts play to protect parties from the risk of holdup and thereby encouraging their relationship specific investments. While this perspective has generated valuable insights about various contracts, the underlying models abstract from realistic investment dynamics. We reexamine the role of contracts in a dynamic model that endogenizes...

The main objective of this paper is to examine the effect of nanomaterials on mass transfer coefficient in bubble type absorption of carbon dioxide by experiment. The absorption process is carried out in a bubble column and in room temperature. Mass transfer coefficient, saturated concentration of CO2, and gas holdup are determined in this system. The kinds of nanomaterials, the concentrations ...

The hydrodynamics in a 152 mm ID bubbling fluidized bed filled with 500-600 μm glass beads have been simulated using the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code Fluent 6.3, and the results are compared to experimental data obtained using pressure measurements and 3D X-ray computed tomography. The grids in a Cartesian coordinate system used in simulations are made by 2D (8×8 mm, 4×4 mm, 2×2 mm, ...

In order to clarify the gas-water two-phase flow law in horizontal wells and study characteristics wells, firstly, a well is numerically simulated analyzed, pattern distribution under different inclination angles phase separation rates obtained. Secondly, series of production logging instruments including CAT instrument was used conduct experimental research on conditions, measured values each ...

In industrial crystallization, all impurity species need to be removed, regardless of the kind present in raw materials. Removing mother liquor is required because a crystal cake with holdup frequently formed by crystalline particles during solid-liquid separation suspension-type melt crystallization. This study aims make clear relationship between and characteristics cake, difference residue b...

Accurate prediction of liquid holdup associated with multiphase flow is a critical element in the design and operation of modern production systems. This prediction is made difficult by the complexity of the distribution of the phases and the wide range of fluid properties encountered in production operations. Consequently, the performance of existing correlations is often inadequate in terms o...

Can formal contracts help resolving the holdup problem? We address this important question by studying the holdup problem in repeated transactions between a seller and a buyer in which the seller can make relation-specific investments in each period. In contrast to previous findings, we demonstrate that writing a simple fixed-price contract based on product delivery is of value even when relati...