the mines are an important section of national heritage and public domain. in legal aspect there are several theories about the mines such as; ownership; public domain and non-proper tier things. some of the islamic jurists believe mines are anfal and others say they are non-proper tier things. although the prohibition or restriction in exploitation of mine is useful because of fairly distribut...

Safe marine navigation in the Arctic is becoming more important with a growing interest in the region in recent years [1]. The United States Geological Survey (USGS) estimates there to be more than 90 billion barrels of undiscovered oil in the arctic [2]. With the summer Arctic sea ice extent having decreased by 50% since 1980 [3], this now opening waterway has given rise to serious interest in...

Reservoir simulation is a necessary tool for making decisions. It is through numerical simulation that one can obtain knowledge pertaining to the processes occurring in the interior of an oil reservoir and hence, to enable an analysis of the various recovery strategies in order to guarantee optimal exploitation. History matching, optimization, and what-if scenarios require the simulation of lar...

Since real data is time-consuming and expensive to collect, label, and use, researchers have proposed approaches using synthetic variations for the tasks of signature verification, speaker authentication, handwriting recognition, keyword spotting, etc. However, the limitation of real data is particularly critical in the field of writer identification in that in forensics, enemies or criminals u...

Oil-rich regions frequently fight separatist civil wars, consistent with the broader hypothesis that oil wealth diminishes prospects for civil peace. Although existing “greed” and “grievances” hypotheses highlight important attributes of oil production that may contribute to violence, we have few insights into a basic question about mechanisms: what prevents governments from strategically using...

The coastal zone, with their vast resources of food, energy, and minerals, not only are composed of various fragile ecosystems, but are scenes of a variety of often conflicting uses. At present, the uncontrolled development of the coastal zone and the almost haphazard exploitation of their natural resources threaten to turn the promise of economic prosperity into an environmental nightmare that...

Logging technology is the key used in modern petroleum resources exploitation. Reasonable application of logging conducive to efficient exploitation resources. Therefore, oil has always been research target well technology. This paper discusses function geological steering horizontal well. and work well, specific due In process discussion, order ensure practical this paper, a good drilling put ...

Gas chromatography (GC), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS), supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC), elemental analysis, infrared absorption spectroscopy (IR), thermal analysis (TG/DTA), Rock-Eval pyrolysis, as well as viscosity and density analysis revealed that oil sands from Qaidam basin, Qinghai Province of China, are highly concentrated in light components (£C23), with saturate...

The quality of olive oils is sensorially tested by accurate and well established methods. It enables the classification of the pressed oils into the classes of extra virgin oil, virgin oil and lampant oil. Nonetheless, it would be convenient to have analytical methods for screening oils or supporting sensorial analysis using a reliable independent approach based on exploitation of mass spectrom...