Structurally distinct classes of synthetic CpG oligonucleotides (ODN) differentially activate human immune cells. K-type ODN trigger plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) to differentiate and produce TNF α . In contrast, D-type ODN stimulate large amounts of IFN α secretion from pDCs. The cell-surface receptor CXCL16 was previously shown to influence the nature and specificity of CpG ODN-induced ...

The present study used nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) antisense oligos (nNOS AS-ODN) to assess the role of nNOS in motoneuron death induced by spinal root avulsion. A right seventh cervical (C7) spinal root avulsion was performed on adult male Sprague-Dawley rats. Two weeks later, FITC-labeled random oligos (FITC-R-ODN), nNOS AS-ODN, R-ODN or TE buffer was applied to the lesioned side of the C7 s...

Unmethylated CpG motifs in bacterial DNA or short oligodeoxynucleotides (ODN) stimulate cells of the immune system and provide adjuvant activity. CpG DNA directly activates macrophages to secrete IL-12 and TNF-alpha and increases transcription of various genes, but its effects on macrophage Ag processing remain uncertain. The effects of CpG ODN on class II MHC (MHC-II) Ag processing and present...

Astroglial cells possess an array of cellular defense systems, including superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase antioxidant enzymes, to prevent damage caused by oxidative stress on the central nervous system. Astrocytes specifically synthesize and release endozepines, a family of regulatory peptides including the octadecaneuropeptide (ODN). ODN is the ligand of both central-type benzodiazepine...

UNLABELLED We investigated the distribution, stability and radiotoxicity of 125I-oligodeoxyribonucleotides (125I-ODN) in human fibrosarcoma HT-1080 cells to study the radiotoxic effects of the Auger electron emitter 125I delivered to the cells by ODN. METHODS We delivered 125I-ODN into the cells via complexing with a liposomal delivery system. To assess the intracellular distribution and stab...

The noncoding RNA miR-125b has been described to reduce ErbB2 protein expression as well as proliferation and migration of cancer cell lines. As additional target of miR-125b, we identified the c-raf-1 mRNA by sequence analysis. We designed a short hairpin-looped oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN) targeted to the same 3' untranslated region of c-raf-1 mRNA as miR-125b. The fully complementary ODN antis...

Differentiation of osteoclasts is defined by the transcription factors expressed in response to bone microenvironments. In this work, we examined the effects of an expressional blockage of Egr-1 and/or WT1 on the differentiation of osteoclasts using specific antisense oligodeoxynucleotides (ODN). In a culture system forming preosteoclast-like cells (POC) from rat bone marrow cells depleted of m...

A CpG-containing DNA oligonucleotide functionalized with the 2-(N-formyl-N-methyl)aminoethyl thiophosphate protecting group (CpG ODN fma1555) was prepared from phosphoramidites 1a-d using solid-phase techniques. The oligonucleotide behaved as a prodrug by virtue of its conversion to the well-studied immunomodulatory CpG ODN 1555 through thermolytic cleavage of the 2-(N-formyl-N-methyl)aminoethy...

Sulfur (S) and nitrogen (N) are elements naturally found in petroleum-based fuels. S- N-based compounds liquid fuels associated with a series of health environmental issues. Thus, legislation has become stricter worldwide regarding their content related emissions. Traditional treatment systems (namely hydrodesulfurization hydrodenitrogenation) fail to achieve the desired levels S N contents wit...

Synthetic phosphorothioate oligodeoxynucleotides (ODN) bearing unmethylated CpG motifs can mimic the immune-stimulatory effects of bacterial DNA and are recognized by Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9). Past studies have demonstrated that nucleotide modifications at positions at or near the CpG dinucleotides can severely affect immune modulation. However, the effect of nucleotide modifications to stim...