OBJECTIVE To study the combined effect of fluoride and arsenate on the expression of SD rat osteoblastic osteoclast differentiation factor (ODF) mRNA and osteoprotegerin (OPG) mRNA. METHODS Osteoblasts were obtained by enzymatic isolation from newborn SD rats. A factorial experiment was performed. Osteoblasts were exposed to NaF (0.5 mmolF/L, 4 molF/L) and Na3AsH2 (12.5 micromolAs/L and 200 m...

Alveolar bone destruction is a characteristic feature of periodontitis. Treponema denticola is known to be involved in periodontitis. To elucidate the role of T. denticola in alveolar bone destruction in periodontitis, the effects of lipooligosaccharide (LOS) from T. denticola on osteoclast formation and on expression of osteoclast differentiation factor (ODF) and osteoprotegerin (OPG) mRNAs we...

In a previous study we showed that the involvement of EP4 subtype of the prostaglandin E (PGE) receptor is crucial for lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced osteoclast formation in vitro. The present study was undertaken to test whether EP4 is actually associated with LPS-induced bone resorption in vivo. In wild-type (WT) mice, osteoclast formation in vertebrae and tibiae increased 5 days after syst...

Diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI) is a diffusion-weighted technique which overcomes limitations of the commonly used diffusion tensor imaging approach. This technique models non-Gaussian behaviour of water diffusion by the diffusion kurtosis tensor (KT), which can be used to provide indices of tissue heterogeneity and a better characterisation of the spatial architecture of tissue microstructure...

White matter fiber clustering aims to get insight about anatomical structures in order to generate atlases, perform clear visualizations, and compute statistics across subjects, all important and current neuroimaging problems. In this work, we present a diffusion maps clustering method applied to diffusion MRI in order to segment complex white matter fiber bundles. It is well known that diffusi...

Q-ball imaging (QBI) is a high angular resolution diffusion imaging (HARDI) technique which has been proven very successful in resolving multiple intravoxel fiber orientations in MR images. The standard computation of the orientation distribution function (ODF, the probability of diffusion in a given direction) from q-ball uses linear radial projection, neglecting the change in the volume eleme...

Osteoclasts differentiate from the hemopoietic monocyte/macrophage cell lineage in bone marrow through cell-cell interactions between osteoclast progenitors and stromal/osteoblastic cells. Here we show another osteoclast differentiation pathway closely connected with B lymphocyte differentiation. Recently the TNF family molecule osteoclast differentiation factor/receptor activator of NF-kappaB ...

Community Approaches to Total Sanitation (CATS) programmes, like the Sanitasi Total Berbasis Masyarakat (STBM) programme of the Government of Indonesia, have played a significant role in reducing open defecation though still little is known about the sustainability of the outcomes. We assessed the sustainability of verified Open Defecation Free (ODF) villages and explored the association betwee...

Polycrystalline materials, such as metals, are composed of heterogeneously oriented crystals. Observed crystal orientations modelled a sample from an orientation distribution function (ODF), which determines variety material properties and is therefore great interest to practitioners. Observations consist quaternions, four-dimensional unit vectors reflecting both rotation single crystal. Thus, ...

Abstract When sanitation is first conceived, its scope restricted to the removal of human waste using methods such as cesspools, open ditches, pit latrines, bucket systems, and like. Today, it refers a more comprehensive concept that encompasses elimination solid liquid waste, hygiene food, well personal, domestic, environmental cleanliness. Sanitation one fundamental factors determines both qu...