purpose: controversy has recently risen about the presence of compensatory ocular countertorsion (coct) after head tilt. this study was performed to define the functional range of this phenomenon. methods: cycloplegic autorefraction was performed on 80 eyes with regular astigmatism 2d. objective autorefraction was performed in normal position, right and left head tilt positions of 5º, 10º, 15º,...

propose: to evaluate patients with renal transplantation for abnormal ocular findings and to determine the association of these findings with pretreatment dialysis duration, immunosuppressive regimen and underlying disease causing renal failure. methods: this cross-sectional study was performed on 150 patients who had undergone kidney transplantation for at least three months and with serum cre...

Ocular surface disease (OSD), a disorder affecting the lacrimal and meibomian glands corneal conjunctival epithelium, is well-known complication of topical glaucoma therapy. OSD can present as new or pre-existing condition that virtually any anti-glaucoma formulation exacerbate. As such, both frequently coexist. Typical symptoms include ocular discomfort, redness, burning, dryness, whereas sign...

Wernicke's Encephalopathy (WE) is a potentially devastating disorder, which if not diagnosed and treated at the earliest, could lead to dangerous neurological and ophthalmological complications. We report the ocular manifestations of WE in a pregnant woman with hyperemesis gravidarum.

We report a man and his son with congenital limb contractures, limitation of ocular movements, and an electroretinal abnormality. They appear to have an autosomal dominant form of arthrogryposis, distinguishable from other previously classified forms of this disorder.

A patient with a subarachnoid haematoma anterior to the brain stem demonstrated "typical" ocular bobbing. The absence of CNS parenchymal involvement is distinct from previously described posterior fossa lesions associated with this particular eye movement disorder.

incontinentia pigmenti (ip) is an uncommon x-linked dominant genodermatosis characterized by four cutaneous stages and frequent association with dental (90%), central nervous system (33%) and ocular (35%) anomalies. the exact pathogenesis of this disorder remains unknown. herein, we report a newborn girl with inflammatory vesiculobullous and warty skin lesions and a positive family history of i...

Though inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has a specific predilection for the intestinal tract, it is a systemic inflammatory disorder affecting multiple organs, including the eye. Ocular complications directly related to IBD are categorized as primary and secondary. Primary complications are usually temporally associated with IBD exacerbations and tend to resolve with systemic treatment of the i...

Background: Cerebral palsy (CP) describes a group of permanent disorder the development movement and posture, causing activity limitation, that are attributed to non-progressive disturbance occurred in developing fetal or infant brain. The motor disorders cerebral often accompanied by disturbances sensation, perception, cognition, communication behavior, epilepsy, secondary musculoskeletal prob...