Background: Cerebral palsy (CP) describes a group of permanent disorder the development movement and posture, causing activity limitation, that are attributed to non-progressive disturbance occurred in developing fetal or infant brain. The motor disorders cerebral often accompanied by disturbances sensation, perception, cognition, communication behavior, epilepsy, secondary musculoskeletal prob...

Glaucoma is a leading cause of blindness, afflicting more than 60 million people worldwide. Increased intraocular pressure (IOP) due to impaired aqueous humor drainage is a major risk factor for the development of glaucoma. Here, we demonstrated that genetic disruption of the angiopoietin/TIE2 (ANGPT/TIE2) signaling pathway results in high IOP, buphthalmos, and classic features of glaucoma, inc...

The eye is a vital organ for vision and an important component of facial expression. Loss of an eye has a crippling effect physically and psychologically. Especially, in case of a child where it affects the parent too and the approach toward these special children needs to be very special indeed. The construction of an ocular prosthesis for a child is the same as for an adult. A growing child w...

Mutilation of a portion of a face can cause a heavy impact on the self-image and personality of an individual. Acceptable cosmetic results usually can be obtained with a facial prosthesis. This paper describes prosthetic rehabilitation of a 60-year-old male patient having a left ocular defect. A technique to fabricate heat polymerizing polymethyl methacrylate was illustrated. The resultant pros...

PHACES syndrome (Posterior Fossa Malformations, Hemangioma, Arterial Anomalies, Cardiac Defects and Coarctation of the Aorta, Eye Abnormalities, and Sternal Abnormalities or Ventral Developmental Defects) is a rare neurocutaneous syndrome, which characteristic feature is large segmental hemangioma. Extracutaneous involvement is an important cause of morbidity in this syndrome.<br /...

est (rst) is the most commonly used electrodiagnostic test to asses the defect of neuromuscular transmission, which is reported to be positive in the diffuse and restricted ocular forms 60-95% and 14-50%, respectively. in a cross-sectional study, to determine the efficacy of repetitive stimulation test in myasthenia gravis, we evaluated the results in 30 cases who were hospitalized in imam khom...

Many diseases can cause ocular surface disorders. The poster on pages 50–51 provides an overview of the most common diseases, and other articles in this issue focus on the management of individual diseases. In this article, the authors offer a systematic strategy for the overall management of ocular surface diseases. When managing patients with an ocular surface condition, identifying the under...

UNLABELLED The new defined anatomical and functional complex conjunctiva-limbus-cornea is a new concept, which helps clinicians better understand and treat ocular surface pathologies. The management of the ocular surface disease has changed dramatically over the years, with spectacular improvements of techniques, and of course, results. The amniotic membrane, used as a graft or as a substrate f...

Purpose. To report a case of severe corneal thinning secondary to dry eye treated with a tectonic Descemet stripping automated lamellar keratoplasty (DSAEK) and amniotic membrane graft. Methods. A 72-year-old man with a history of long standing diabetes mellitus type 2 and dry eye presented with 80% corneal thinning and edema on the right eye and no signs of infectious disease, initially manage...

Coloboma literally means defect. Ocular coloboma of the eyes is an extremely rare congenital developmental defect, which constitute one of important causes of visual impairment and blindness in the pediatric age group. Reported incidence of ocular coloboma is 0.5 to 7.5 per 10, 000 live births. Authors report an interesting case syndromic variety of ocular coloboma, where the upper eyelid colob...