A man presented with unilateral visual blurring associated with bilateral retinal periphlebitis which was felt to be a complication of his biopsy-proven active ulcerative colitis. Retinal periphlebitis has been associated rarely with some forms of colitis but we can find no report of its occurrence in association with ulcerative colitis although other ocular inflammatory disorders are well reco...

OBJECTIVES To report the characteristics of juvenile-onset (<20 years) myasthenia gravis (MG) in Africa. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Six South African centres collected data which included acetylcholine receptor-antibody (AChR-ab) status, delay before diagnosis, MG Foundation of America grade at onset, maximum severity and severity at last visit, therapies, outcomes and complications. RESULTS We r...

Leprosy is a chronic granulomatous disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae , clinically present either as tuberculoid, borderline or lepromatous type. Erythema nodosum leprosum (ENL) is an acute humoral response in the chronic course of lepromatous leprosy. Although very severe ENL reactions are known in systemic leprosy, such severity is rare in ocular tissues. A leprosy uveitis patient suffere...

PURPOSE To report an unusual case of multifocal bacterial keratitis that despite success-ful treatment caused chronic ocular hypertension. METHODS A 67-year-old woman with unilateral multifocal keratitis and no previous ocular pathology was admitted to our hospital. Corneal scrapings and conjunctival samples were obtained for culture and the patient received intensive therapy with fortified v...

Postoperative visual loss is a rare and devastating complication. The estimated incidence is 0.01-1% after non ocular surgery. It has been reported after spine, cardiac and head and neck surgeries. We report a patient who was operated for cervical laminectomy in prone position and complained of loss of vision in one eye postoperatively. He was thoroughly investigated after visual loss. The case...

Behcet's disease is a multisystemic disease of unknown etiology. Disease manifestations consist of recurrent oral and genital ulceration, skin lesions, and relapsing ocular inflammation. Arterial involvement is an uncommon complication of Behcet's disease, and it most frequently affects the abdominal aorta followed by femoral artery, and the pulmonary artery. Coronary lesions in Behcet's diseas...

Giant cell arteritis (GCA) is a vascular condition characterized by ocular, systemic and neurological symptoms. Visual loss the dreaded complication of this condition, prompting expedient diagnosis treatment. Treatment typically involves prolonged glucocorticoid therapy which often accompanied several undesired side effects. In report, we document one patient’s experience with GCA, its treatmen...

RATIONALE Ethambutol-induced optic neuropathy (EON) is a well-known complication that results from the use of ethambutol. The ocular manifestations of EON include painless loss of central vision and cecocentral scotomas in the visual field. PATIENT CONCERNS A 75-year-old Chinese Han man suffered from this rare ocular disorder because he took ethambutol for about 8 months. DIAGNOSES He was d...

Ocular graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is a common complication that occurs after allogeneic transplantation. It can cause severe dry eyes that are described as having a burning, gritty, and painful sensation. Ocular GVHD can affect quality of life by causing pain and photophobia, limiting activities of daily living (e.g., reading, watching television), compromising safety while driving, and p...

toxoplasma gondii as a protozoan parasite is the etiologic agent of toxoplasmosis. although t. gondii infection in healthy adults is asymptomatic; however, primary infection during pregnancy can cause severe complication such as fetus death and abortion, anatomical and mental malformation and ocular toxoplasmosis. it can be life threatening for immunocompromised person including cerebral absces...