A full-order observer accomplishes its purpose by calculating the “residual,” which is the difference between the measured output and the corresponding quantity generated by a model of S synthesized in the observer. The residual, multiplied by a “gain” is used as an input to a model of S . If the gain is chosen appropriately, the observer Ŝ will be an asymptotically stable dynamic system and th...

A genetic algorithm (GA) uses the principles of evolution, natural selection, and genetics to offer a method for parallel search of complex spaces. In this paper we show how to utilize GA’s to perform online adaptive state estimation for nonlinear systems. First, we show how to construct a genetic adaptive observer (GAO) where a GA evolves the gains in a state observer in real time so that the ...

In this paper we propose a new robust scheme of nonpeaking nonlinear observers. The observation strategy is issued from differential algebra where the unmeasured states are given as outputs of a time-varying linear differentiator that guarantees robustness against measurement errors. We show that for a certain initial condition, the n-dimensional differentiator does not exhibit the peaking phen...

The voting protocol we present here aims for the usual goals of voter privacy and verifiability. However, we also impose the restrictions that we do not trust the administering body (or its agents) and that we do not want to use sophisticated cryptography. Other protocols have been suggested under similar constraints and with similar solutions to ours. The protocol ours most closely resembles i...

Previously there have been essentially on!? t\vo models for computers t h a t people can use to handle ordinary consumer transactions: <i:i :he tamper-proof module, such as a smart card, that the person cannot modify or probe; and ( 2 ) the personal workstation whose inner working is totally under control of the individual. The first par t of this article argues that a particular combination of...

A modi"ed stochastic Luenberger observer (MSLO) structure is proposed to recover the optimal performance of the coventional SLO for obtaining full-state estimates in linear discrete-time stochastic systems. The optimal MSLO (OMSLO) which gives the MMSE estimates is derived by using the general two-stage Kalman "lter. A reduced-order form of the OMSLO is also proposed for systems having singular...

Adaptation exerts a continuous influence on visual coding, altering both sensitivity and appearance whenever there is a change in the patterns of stimulation the observer is exposed to. These adaptive changes are thought to improve visual performance by optimizing both discrimination and recognition, but may take substantial time to fully adjust the observer to a new stimulus context. Here we e...

A definition of invariant observer and compatible output function is proposed and motivated. For systems admitting a Lie symmetry-group G of dimension less or equal to the state dimension and with a G-compatible output, an explicit procedure based on the moving frame method is proposed to construct such invariant observers. It relies on an invariant frame and a complete set of invariant estimat...