Sandpile group or Abelian sandpile model was the first example of a self-organized critical system studied by Bak, Tang and Wiesenfeld. It is well known that these recurrent configurations can be characterized as optimal solution certain non-linear optimization problems. We show graph correspond to solutions some integer linear programs. More precisely, we present two new programming models, on...

Linear programming is one of the most important usages of operation research methods in real life, that includes of one objective function and one or several constraints which can be in the form of equality and inequality. Most of the problems in the real world are include of inconsistent and astute uncertainty, because of this reason we can’t obtain the optimal solution easily. In this paper, ...