introduction: land use change, deforestation, grazing, intentional and unintentional fire and invasive pests and diseases are all the major cause of damage to the zagros forest ecosystem. the green oak leaf roller (tortrix viridana l.) is one of the important pests of zagros forests. larvae of the pest significantly damage the oak forests with feeding on leaves and buds of different species of ...

In the main the few studies that have been made on the decomposition of leaves have either been made under highly artificial conditions (5) or else over a short period of time (1, 3, 4). Therefore an experiment intended to supply natural conditions as nearly as possible and lasting a number of years was set up in the fall of 1934. Leaves of sugar maple, hickory (several species), white oak and ...

High incidences of red, itching, and painful welts on people in the midwestern United States led to the discovery of a European species of mite, Pyemotes herfsi (Oudemans) (Acari: Pyemotidae), preying on gall-making midge larvae on oak leaves. The mites' great reproductive potential, small size, and high capacity for dispersal by wind make them difficult to control or avoid.

Two new species of the genus Neophyllobius Berlese, 1886 are described: Neophyllobius lorestanicus sp. nov. collected from soil under Prunus domestica L. (Rosaceae) in Markazi province and Neophyllobius ostovani sp. nov. from soil and rotten leaves of oak trees in Fars province, Iran. A key to all known Iranian and Turkish species of Neophyllobius is provided.

Two new species of the genus Anoplocheylus Berlese, 1910 are described: Anoplocheylus marivaniensis sp. nov. collected from soil and rotten leaves under oak trees and Anoplocheylus qorvehiensis sp. nov. from soil under Astragalus sp. bushes in Kurdistan province, Iran. A key to females of all known species of Anoplocheylus is provided, based on original descriptions and other literature.

The replacement of diverse deciduous forests by eucalyptus plantations changes the timing, quality and quantity of litter inputs to streams, which has the potential to affect the activity of decomposers and thus ecosystem functioning. Here, we compared (a) the decomposition rate of alder and oak leaves incubated in deciduous and eucalyptus streams in Spain and Portugal, (b) the activity (fungal...

ABSTRACT During 2001 to 2003, the transmission biology of Phytophthora ramorum, the causal agent of sudden oak death, was studied in mixedevergreen forest, a common forest type in northern, coastal California. Investigation of the sources of spore production focused on coast live oak (Quercus agrifolia) and bay laurel (Umbellularia californica), dominant hosts that comprised 39.7 and 46.2% of t...

Budbreak of individual ramets of clonal Gambel oak (Quercus gambelii: Fagaceae) was advanced experimentally to test the effects of altered timing of budbreak and hence, leaf age, on patterns of folivory. Early-season folivory by leaf-chewing insects was significantly greater on younger leaves of control ramets than older leaves of experimental ramets. However, differences in cumulative folivory...