In this review we argue that relatively recent evolutionary adaptations that are relational or psychological in nature might refocus, dampen, or otherwise shape hormonal processes related to evolutionarily Bolder^ behaviors. We focus on the steroid hormones testosterone and estradiol and discuss a) their associations with Bolder relational processes^ such as mate competition, dominance and nurt...

Being happy at work is a fundamental element of a person’s life satisfaction. Because work is an integral part of a person’s identity, the professional role that one assumes is frequently the means by which a person feels the most valued and derives their selfesteem. (1) Within the profession of nursing, there is a positive correlation between career satisfaction, self nurturance, and life sati...

Dream incubation refers collectively to the practices, rituals, techniques and efforts that an individual applies to intentionally evoke helpful dreams. Derived from the Latin verb incubare (in'upon' + cubare 'to lie'), the term connotes the support and nurturance provided by a laying mother bird for her developing egg. The parallels with dream influence are all too appropriate; in antiquity, t...

shop. I am indebted for capable research assistance to Naomi Roht-Arriaza and Ellen Hertz. Ellen played a particularly vital role, providing conceptual enrichment, incisive intellect and warm nurturance throughout the finishing stages of this project. My special thanks go to James Tessier whose intellectual and personal contributions extend far beyond ordinary research assistance. Without Jim's...

BACKGROUND Popular parenting literature promotes different approaches to caring for infants, based around variations in the use of parent-led routines and promoting infant independence. However, there is little empirical evidence of how these early behaviours affect wider parenting choices such as infant feeding. Breastfeeding often requires an infant-led approach, feeding on demand and allowin...

The authors describe various parenting behaviors, such as nurturance, discipline, teaching, and language use, and explain how researchers measure them. They note racial and ethnic variations in several behaviors. Most striking are differences in language use. Black and Hispanic mothers talk less with their young children than do white mothers and are less likely to read to them daily. They also...