abstract over the past two decades, applied linguists and language teachers have shown a great deal of interest in genre-centered approaches , mainly because of pedagogic concerns . this has been due to the need to help non-native readers enhance their ability to understand academic and scientific texts. following swales’ (1981) works on genre analysis, studies of different sections of resear...

To investigate the effect of manganese (Mn) and salinity on some growth traits and chemical composition of pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) seedlings, a factorial experiment was carried out with two factors of salinity (0, 75, 150, 225 and 300 mM NaCl) and Mn (0, 12, 24 and 36 µM Mn from MnSO4 source) as completely randomized design with four replicates, in greenhouse in perlite medium. Results sho...

esl/efl books play a crucial role in shaping language learners worldview of gender roles in society. the present study investigated the status of sexism in two sets of efl textbooks, one developed by non-native iranian authors (ili series) and the other by native authors (top notch series). first, two books from each series was selected randomly. then, a quantitative analysis was carried out wi...

Crataegus is a tree species from Rosaceae family with medicinal, ornamental and commercial utilizations. Effect of different concentrations of plant growth regulators on shoot proliferation of Crataegus pseudohetrophylla Pojark. via in vitro culture was studied using single node explants. The grown shoots were transferred to MS medium supplemented with different concentrations of cytokinins (BA...

textbooks play a crucial role in language learning classrooms. the problem is that among the great quantity of available textbooks on the market which one is appropriate for a specific classroom and a group of learners. in order to evaluate elt textbooks, theorists and writers have offered different kinds of evaluative frameworks based on a number of principles and criteria. this study evaluate...

abstract:‎ literature is said beautiful words of poetry or prose that excites reader’s or listener’s feel. certainly, to ‎be effective, such a text should have certain characteristics. the four elements of the literature: thought, ‎imagination, emotion and style make a text to be literary and effective. emotion and imagination are ‎specific elements of literary texts, while thought and style a...

To evaluate the effect of limited application of phosphorus (P) on height and performance quality of geranium (Pelargonium hortorum cv. Bulles Eye), an experiment was conducted in the greenhouse environment, based on completely randomized blocks design, during 2011-2012. Geranium seedlings were cultivated in the pots filled with peat-based substrate (80% peat + 20% garden loam soil (v/v)). Trea...