BACKGROUND Hypertension caused by increased renin-angiotensin system activation is associated with elevated reactive oxygen species production. Previous studies implicate NADPH oxidase (Nox) proteins as important reactive oxygen species sources during renin-angiotensin system activation, with different Nox isoforms being potentially involved. Among these, Nox2 is expressed in multiple cell type...

BACKGROUND: Cancer cachexia is the progressive loss of skeletal muscle protein that contributes significantly to cancer morbidity and mortality. Evidence of antioxidant attenuation and the presence of oxidised proteins in patients with cancer cachexia indicate a role for oxidative stress. The level of oxidative stress in tissues is determined by an imbalance between reactive oxygen species prod...

In insulin-secreting cells, expression of NADPH oxidase (NOX), a potent source of ROS, has been reported, along with controversial findings regarding its function. Here, the role of NOXs was investigated: first by expression and cellular localization in mouse and human pancreatic islets, and then by functional studies in islets isolated from Nox isoform-specific knockout mice. Both human and mo...

DiStasi MR, Unthank JL, Miller SJ. Nox2 and p47 modulate compensatory growth of primary collateral arteries. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 306: H1435–H1443, 2014. First published March 14, 2014; doi:10.1152/ajpheart.00828.2013.—The role of NADPH oxidase (Nox) in both the promotion and impairment of compensatory collateral growth remains controversial because the specific Nox and reactive oxyg...

Abstract Atherosclerosis is a process of arterial intima thickening caused by lipid deposition as consequence insufficient efferocytosis apoptotic cells M2 macrophages and excessive inflammatory cytokine secretion from M1 macrophages. NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2) recognized major source ROS for enhancing macrophage functional polarization. We previously found that human contain significant amount end...

Urotensin-II (U-II) has been considered as one of the most potent vasoactive peptides, although its physiological and pathophysiological role is still not finally resolved. Recent evidence suggests that it promotes angiogenic responses in endothelial cells, although the underlying signalling mechanisms are unclear. Reactive oxygen species derived from NADPH oxidases are major signalling molecul...

While tissue perfusion and angiogenesis subsequent to acute femoral artery occlusion are suppressed in NADPH oxidase 2 (Nox2)-null (Nox2(-/-)) mice, studies have not established the role of Nox2 in collateral artery enlargement. Rac2 is a small GTPase that binds Nox2 and activates Nox2-based NAD(P)H oxidase but, unlike Nox2, is primarily restricted to bone marrow-derived cells. In this study, w...

Background and Purpose—We tested whether gender influences cerebrovascular responses to angiotensin II (AngII) and the role(s) of Nox2. Methods and Results—AngII-stimulated superoxide (O2 ) production by cerebral arteries from male and female wild-type (WT) and Nox2 / mice was measured using lucigeninor L-012–enhanced chemiluminescence. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) production was measured using Amp...

NAD(P)H oxidase (Nox)2 and Nox4 are the isoforms of Nox expressed in the macula densa (MD). MD-derived superoxide (O₂⁻), primarily generated by Nox2, is enhanced by acute ANG II stimulation. However, the effects of chronic elevations in ANG II during ANG II-induced hypertension on MD-derived O₂⁻ are unknown. We infused a slow pressor dose of ANG II (600 ng·min⁻¹·kg⁻¹) for 2 wk in C57BL/6 mice a...

Pulmonary neuroepithelial bodies (NEBs), composed of clusters of amine [serotonin (5-HT)] and peptide-producing cells, are widely distributed within the airway mucosa of human and animal lungs. NEBs are thought to function as airway O(2)-sensors, since they are extensively innervated and release 5-HT upon hypoxia exposure. The small cell lung carcinoma cell line (H146) provides a useful model f...