Comparison between the CMAQ (Community Multi-scale Air Quality Model)-calculated and OMI (Ozone Monitoring Instrument)-retrieved tropospheric NO2 columns was carried out for 2006 over East Asia (100–150 E; 20– 50 N) to evaluate the bottom-up NOx emission fluxes of INTEX-B, CAPSS, and REAS v1.11 inventories. The three emission inventories were applied to the CMAQ model simulations for the countr...

The American electric power industry is undergoing dramatic changes in the way it is structured and regulated. As of June of 1998, state utility regulators, state legislatures or both in 17 states had made the decision to implement retail competition within 5 years or less. Competition in electricity markets and associated new opportunities for expanded interregional electricity trading could r...

Road traffic is one of the major anthropogenic emission sectors for NOx, CO and NMHCs (non-methane hydrocarbons). We applied ECHAM4/CBM, a general circulation model coupled to a chemistry module, which includes higher hydrocarbons, to investigate the global impact of 1990 road traffic emissions on the atmosphere. Improving over previous global modelling studies, which concentrated on road traff...

[1] The atmospheric response to perturbations in NOx emissions from global air traffic is investigated by performing a coherent set of sensitivity experiments. The importance of cruise altitude, size of the emission perturbation and geographical distribution of emissions is systematically analyzed using two global chemistry transport models and an off-line radiative transfer model. NOx emission...

This paper simulates the density and temperature fields in the process of mixture formation with two combustion modes in a Diesel engine. The computational simulations and experiments show that in the normal combustion mode, the density and temperature of mixtures change greatly in the combusting sprays so that there are premixed combustion and diffusion combustion simultaneously, which results...

Hybridization offers great potential for decreasing pollutant and carbon dioxide emissions of diesel cars. However, an assessment of the real-world emissions performance of modern diesel hybrids is missing. Here, we test three diesel-hybrid cars on the road and benchmark our findings with two cars against tests on the chassis dynamometer and model simulations. The pollutant emissions of the two...

Commonly, the NOx emissions rates of diesel vehicles have been assumed to remain stable over the vehicle's lifetime. However, there have been hardly any representative long-term emission measurements. Here we present real-driving emissions of diesel cars and light commercial vehicles sampled on-road over 15 years in Zurich/Switzerland. Results suggest deterioration of NOx unit emissions for Eur...

Vehicle NOx emission regulations are becoming more and more stringent worldwide. A selective catalytic reduction (SCR) system which uses ammonia as the reductant to reduce tailpipe NOx emissions is widely adopted by Diesel engine applications. For SCR control, a NOx sensor is commonly used to monitor the emissions, however it has been discovered that NOx sensors typically are cross-sensitive to...

The nitrogen oxides (NOx) are prominent and harmful pollutants in the exhaust of diesel engines. The reduction of NOx to harmless products using catalysts is proved to be a remedy. The present study attempts to reduce NOx emissions in the exhaust of low heat rejection (LHR) diesel engine by catalytic reduction, using lanthanum ion exchanged zeolite (catalyst-A) and urea infused lanthanum ion ex...

I. Ground‐level Ozone Formation a. Precursor (Ozone‐Forming) Emissions Ground‐level ozone (O3) is produced by a complex set of atmospheric chemical reactions that depend on precursor (ozone‐forming) emissions from numerous sources, both natural and of human origin. Ground‐level ozone formation is also dependent on weather and climatic factors. Temperature is an important factor in both weathe...