Science standards across 44 states in the United States are often assumed to be equivalent because they all based on National Research Council’s (NRC) Framework for K-12 Education. Twenty of those adopted Next Generation Standards (NGSS), which is NRC Framework, and 24 other developed their own Framework-based science standards. In this article, two related studies described that focused assess...

How do we learn non-physical properties of physical objects? We explored how the statistical structure of events can be a source of object property learning. Twenty-five participants saw sequences of visual events surrounding two distinct objects. Object identity determined 1) the direction of a high transition probability between two events, and 2) the frequency of two other events. Learning w...