demiologic analysis and genotypic characterization of a nosocomial outbreak of vancomycin-resistant Enterococci. J Clin Microbiol 1993; 31:1280–5. 8. Carmeli Y, Eliopoulos GM, Samore MH. Antecedent treatment with different antibiotic agents as a risk factor for vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus. Emerg Infect Dis 2002; 8:802–7. 9. Donskey CJ, Chowdhry TK, Hecker MT, et al. Effect of antibiotic t...

Treatment of C. difficile diarrhea with metronidazole or vancomycin is highly effective at relieving symptoms. The high rate of diarrhea recurrence is concerning, but fortunately most patients respond to a second course of treatment. The problem of vancomycin resistance in hospital organisms has markedly reduced usage of this agent as a first-line treatment for C. difficile diarrhea, leaving me...

In this prospective cohort study, we investigated the prevalence of Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea (CDAD) in adult patients with nosocomial diarrhea by performing enzyme immunoassay (EIA) for detecting toxins A and B and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for detecting the presence of the tcdB gene in stool samples. We determined the factors associated with CDAD, and the treatment o...

OBJECTIVE To determine the frequency and clinical features of Rota virus diarrhea in children presenting in a tertiary care hospital. STUDY DESIGN A cross-sectional, observational study. PLACE AND DURATION OF STUDY National Institute of Child Health, Karachi, from January to June 2007. METHODOLOGY A total of three hundred children of either gender aged 1 month to 5 years, who presented wi...

Clostridium difficile PCR ribotype 027 is a hypervirulent strain that has caused significant nosocomial diarrhea in many countries but has not yet been reported or isolated in Taiwan previously. Here, we present the characteristics of a case of C. difficile PCR ribotype 027 identified in Taiwan. Taiwan is located in a key transportation center of Asia. This report is important for alerting hosp...

Background Clostridium difficile is currently the most frequent cause of nosocomial diarrhea but also cause of disease in the community, antibiotic therapy and hospitalizations related; advanced age (over 60 years), malignancies, chronic kidney disease are also risk factors for infection with Clostridium difficile. The incidence of Clostridium difficile increases all over the world. The complic...

Estimation of pathogen-specific causes of child diarrhea deaths is needed to guide vaccine development and other prevention strategies. We did a systematic review of articles published between 1990 and 2011 reporting at least one of 13 pathogens in children <5 years of age hospitalized with diarrhea. We included 2011 rotavirus data from the Rotavirus Surveillance Network coordinated by WHO. We ...

Noroviruses (NoVs) have emerged as the leading cause of acute viral gastroenteritis (GE) in humans. Although diagnostic facilities have greatly improved, significant underdiagnosis of NoV in hospitals may still occur, thereby increasing clinical burden and nosocomial spread. We evaluated the underdiagnosis of sporadic NoV infections in a tertiary care hospital and estimated its clinical impact....