BACKGROUND Measurement of the common bile duct (CBD) has traditionally been considered an integral part of gallbladder sonography, but accurate identification of the CBD can be difficult for novice sonographers. OBJECTIVE To determine the prevalence of isolated sonographic CBD dilation in emergency department (ED) patients with cholecystitis or choledocholithiasis without laboratory abnormali...

AIM To clarify the usefulness of three-dimensional (3D) ultrasound in the assessment of the fetal head and brain, according to 3D ultrasound surface reconstruction, multiplanar image analysis, three-dimensional angiography, and volume calculation. METHODS We examined 326 normal fetuses between 10 and 40 weeks of gestation using 3D ultrasound (Voluson, 530D, Medison, Seoul, Korea), mainly with...

BACKGROUND Teaching cardiac ultrasound to medical students in a brief course is a challenge. We aimed to evaluate the feasibility of teaching large groups of medical students the acquisition and interpretation of cardiac ultrasound images using a pocket ultrasound device (PUD) in a short, specially designed course. METHODS Thirty-one medical students in their first clinical year participated ...

Introduction. Kallmann syndrome is a genetic disorder marked by hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and anosmia. Patients with have low circulating testosterone levels gonadotropin levels, whereas other pituitary hormones are normal. The treatment based on sex steroid replacement the aim to restore normal pubertal development includes attempts fertility using gonadotropin-releasing hormones. Ultrasou...

Introduction: Recent applications in ultrasound imaging include ultrasound assessment and ultrasound guided therapeutic injections of the spine and brachial plexus. Discussion: Ultrasound is an ideal modality for these regions as it allows accurate safe and quick injection of single or multiple sites. It has the added advantages of lack of ionising radiation, and can be done without requiring l...