background and aim: considerable increase in the rate of cesarean section is currently a major health challenge in our country, iran. cesareans are performed mostly without having a medical indication and due to pregnant women’s negative attitude to normal vaginal delivery. this study was conducted to measure the effectiveness of group cognitive behavioral training in changing nulliparous women...

the effect of foot reflexology on the outcomes of labor on primiparous moghimi hanjani s[1]*, mehdizadeh torzani z[2], shoghi m[3], ahmadi g[4] received: 20 may, 2012 accepted: 23aug, 2012 abstractbackground & aims: fear of labor pain is one of the problems that raises the rate of caesarean section in our country. midwifes can use one of the non-pharmacological pain relief methods such as refle...

background: pelvic organ prolapse is a common gynecologic condition in women that rarely occur in pregnancy and can complicate the pregnancy. a woman with prolapsed uterus in second trimester of pregnancy and her follow up are presented here. case report: a 35-years old g2p1 woman with history of last normal pregnancy and successful vaginal delivery attended to emergency ward of hospital. she w...

Placental polyp is retained placental tissue within the endometrial cavity, which forms a nidus for inflammation and bleeding. rare entity with an incidence of less than 0.25% all pregnancies as reported. Here, we report case 23-year-old P2L2 woman complaints intermittent vaginal bleeding since her recent normal delivery, 1.5 months back. A polypoid mass (51×41 mm) abundant vascularity was dete...