Propionic acid (PA) is a fungicide and bactericide, registered to control fungi and bacteria in stored grains, hay, grain storage areas, poultry litter, and drinking water for livestock and poultry. European Union (EU) certifies PA as the great of grain preserver and most efficient in controlling Salmonella and other pathogens. Recently it is used as feed additive in poultry and non-ruminant pr...

in this paper we study the concept of latin-majorizati-on. geometrically this concept is different from other kinds of majorization in some aspects. since the set of all $x$s latin-majorized by a fixed $y$ is not convex, but, consists of :union: of finitely many convex sets. next, we hint to linear preservers of latin-majorization on $ mathbb{r}^{n}$ and ${m_{n,m}}$.

For a rank-1 matrix A = a ⊗ b over max algebra, we define the perimeter of A as the number of nonzero entries in both a and b. We characterize the linear operators which preserve the rank and perimeter of rank-1 matrices over max algebra. That is, a linear operator T preserves the rank and perimeter of rank-1 matrices if and only if it has the form T (A) = U ⊗ A ⊗ V , or T (A) = U ⊗ A ⊗ V with ...

The classification of preservers began about 100 years ago. In 1897, Frobenius characterized the linear operators on Mn which preserve certain matrix functions: those linear operators on Mn preserves the determinant and those preserves the characteristic polynomial (spectrum). He proved that if M M n n → : T is a linear transformation satisfying) det()) (T det(A A = , M A n ∈ , then either UAV ...

IN THEIR PERSPECTIVE “The trouble with negative emissions” (14 October, p. 182), K. Anderson and G. Peters assert that negative-emissions technologies are an “unjust and high-stakes gamble.” This characterization would sideline negativeemissions technologies and remove potentially important options from the portfolio for mitigating and ameliorating climate change. As Anderson and Peters acknowl...

In this paper we prove new results about the extremal structure of paths in directed graphs. Say we are given a directed graph G = (V,E) on n nodes, a set of sources S ⊆ V of size |S| = n, and a subset P ⊆ S × V of pairs (s, t) where s ∈ S, of size O(n), such that for all pairs (s, t) ∈ P , there is a path from s to t. Our goal is to remove as many edges from G as possible while maintaining the...

we consider a new type of integrable coupled nonlinear schrodinger (cnls)equations proposed by our self [submitted to phys. plasmas (2011)]. the explicitform of soliton solutions are derived using the hirota's bilinear method.we show that the parameters in the cnls equations only determine the regionsfor the existence of bright and dark soliton solutions. finally, throughthe linear stabili...

Given a domain $I\subset\Bbb{C}$ and an integer $N>0$, function $f: I\to\Bbb{C}$ is said to be {\it entrywise positivity preserving} on positive semidefinite $N\times N$ matrices $A=(a_{jk})\in I^{N\times N}$, if the application $f[A]=(f(a_{jk}))$ of $f$ $A$ for all such $A$. Such preservers in dimensions have been classified by Schoenberg Rudin as being absolutely monotonic. In fixed dimension...

this paper presents a mathematical model for the vibration analysis of a three-component piezoelectric force sensor. the cubic theory of weakly nonlinear electroelasticity is applied to the model for describing the electromechanical coupling effect in the piezoelectric sensing elements which operate in thickness-shear and thickness-stretch vibration modes. hamilton's principle is used to d...