A model of one-dimensional action potential propagation was used to compare activation times and recovery times measured from simulated unipolar and bipolar electrograms with the activation and recovery times measured from simulated transmembrane action potentials. Theory predicts that the intrinsic deflection--the time of the maximum negative slope of the unipolar electrogram QRS complex--corr...

Abstract Lightning has been directly observed or inferred on all giant planets, generally accepted to be occurring in their water clouds. However, much as Earth both cloud–cloud and cloud–ground lightning, this does not mean flashes occur a narrow altitude range: Jupiter, the Galileo spacecraft detected lightning apparently below cloud base, explicable due precipitation, Juno SRU small far abov...

Methods to estimate the parameters and the time delay of continuous time transfer function models using different nonideal step inputs are presented. By nonideal step inputs we refer to excitation signals that initially change gradually or in smaller steps to a final value unlike the ideal step that requires a sudden jump equalling the size of the step. Many different forms of such input signal...

The Gibbs tangent plane criterion has become an important tool in determining the quality of obtained solutions to the phase and chemical equilibrium problem. The ability to determine if a postulated solution is thermodynamically stable with respect to perturbations in any or all of the phases is very useful in the search for the true equilibrium solution. Previous approaches have concentrated ...

Discretization of continuous (analog) convolution operators by direct sampling of the convolution kernel and use of fast Fourier transforms is highly efficient. However, it assumes the input and output signals are band-limited, a condition rarely met in practice, where signals have finite support or abrupt edges and sampling is nonideal. Here, we propose to approximate signals in analog, shift-...

It is relatively easy to represent by computer simulation the observed Rayleigh equilibrium fringe data for systems that are both associative and nonideal in the thermodynamic sense, and to extract the determinant parameters (see, for example, Roark, D., and D. A. Yphantis, 1969, Ann. NY Acad. Sci., 164:245-278; and Johnson M. L., J. J. Correia, D. A. Yphantis, and H. R. Halvorson, 1981, Biophy...