The genetic stability of ORF1a encoding non-structural proteins nsp1, nsp2, nsp3 and nsp4 of equine arteritis virus (EAV) has been analysed for nearly seven years in a persistently infected stallion of the Malopolska breed. Between November 2004 and June 2011, 11 semen samples were collected. Viral RNA extracted from semen of this carrier stallion was amplified, sequenced and compared with the ...

Chronic hepatitis B is a highly heterogeneous liver disease characterized by phases with fluctuations in viral replication and progressive liver damage in some, but not all infected individuals. Despite four decades of research, insight into host determinants underlying these distinct clinical phases-immunotolerant, immune active, inactive carrier, and HBeAg-negative hepatitis-remains elusive. ...

Fully retargeted oncolytic herpes simplex viruses (o-HSVs) gain cancer-specificity from redirection of tropism to cancer-specific receptors, and are non-attenuated. To overcome the hurdles of systemic delivery, and enable oncolytic viruses (o-viruses) to reach metastatic sites, carrier cells are being exploited. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) were never tested as carriers of retargeted o-viru...

this study determines the value of linkage analysis using six rflp markers for carrier detection and prenatal diagnosis in familial dmd/bmd cases and their family members for the first time in the iranian population. we studied the dystrophin gene in 33 unrelated patients with clinical diagnosis of dmd or bmd. subsequently, we determined the rate of heterozygosity for six intragenic rflp marker...

Human T-cell leukemia virus type I (HTLV-I) is a causative agent of neoplastic disease, adult T-cell leukemia (ATL). Although the encoding viral proteins play an important role in oncogenesis, the role of the HTLV-I proviral integration site remains unsolved. We determined the integration sites of HTLV-I proviruses in ATL cells and HTLV-I-infected cells in asymptomatic carriers. In carrier and ...

the carrier facilitated transport of lithium picrate was studied using a series of non-cyclic polyethers containing different end groups and chain lengths through bulk liquid membrane (blm) and supported liquid membrane (slm) systems. the various membrane supports used are viz. ptfe, cellulose nitrate, and dialysis membrane and onion membrane. the amount of li+ transported depends upon the stru...

The development of efficient and safe carrier system to transfer DNA into cells is essential in non-viral gene therapy. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of linear polyetheneimine (lPEI) (2500 Da) on the physicochemical and biological properties of lipopolyplexes constructed from liposomes and lPEI. Materials and Methods Different lipopolymers were synthesized from lPEI ...

The authors examine equine viral arteritis, emphasising occurrence of the disease, distribution of the caused agent, clinical features, modes of transmission, pathogenesis, the carrier state, diagnostic tests and control measures including vaccination.

conclusions the lee is a common finding among kidney transplant recipients. serial monitoring of aminotransferases, particularly alt, should be performed in all patients after kidney transplantation. patients and methods liver enzymes and other biochemical parameters were measured in all recipients. patients were divided into three groups, according to laboratory test time since transplantation...