Knowledge of the optical properties of tooth enamel and an understanding of the origin of these properties are necessary for the development of new optical methods for caries diagnosis and the measurement of tooth color. We measured the scattering intensity functions for HeNe-laser light of 80- to 100- micrometers-thick human dental enamel slabs. The asymmetry factors were calculated to be g = ...

In this paper we further develop the theory of the extended Timoshenko beam model, as first introduced in Part I [5] of this work, with particular emphasis on applications of the model in formation theory [11], [12]. We begin with formal development of the equilibrium equations of static formation theory in the context of the extended Timoshenko model, giving a rigorous discussion of existence,...

We model a exible robot arm supported at a prismatic joint so the length of (the relevant part of) the rod is variable | indeed, this variation in the length of the arm is taken to be the control action. The principal results are: exact controllability for the consideration of purely longitudinal vibrations (wave equation) and the existence of optimal controls in the more practically interestin...

Three problems in simple vibration theory are treated, the longitudinal vibration of a prismatic bar, the lateral vibration of a beam, and the vibration of a circular plate, each with arbitrarily placed discrete loads. It is shown that with the appropriate definition of an inner product on a Hilbert space the spatial differential operator may be made selfadjoint with all of the formal advantage...

In this paper, kinematic and workspace analysis of 3-DoF planar Parallel Kinematic Machine (PKM) is carried out. The mechanism consists of three legs in which two legs have Prismatic-RevolutePrismatic joints and other leg has Prismatic-Prismatic-Revolute joints, it termed as 2-PRP and 1-PPR planar parallel kinematic machine. By these joints, the mechanism can achieve two translational motions a...

The present work deals with the structural optimization of self-supported Composite Steel Trussed-Concrete Beams (CSTCB). CSTCB belongs to category prefabricated steel truss embedded in a concrete core casted situ. is typically composed plate, which represents bottom chord, system diagonal bars and some coupled rebars working as upper chord. Optimized geometries lead minimization material use. ...

Flexible fabric formworks and bespoke Wound Fibre-Reinforced Polymer (W-FRP) cages have been proposed to address the difficulties of constructing geometrically optimised concrete structures with minimised material consumptions. However, existing codes practice for FRP reinforced are not able provide accurate shear behaviour predictions, resulting in potential premature anchorage failure. This p...

Crystals of the ortho-rhom-bic phase La(4)Mo(7)O(27) (lanthanum molybdenum oxide) were obtained from a non-stoichiometric melt in the pseudo-ternary system La(2)O(3)-MoO(3)-B(2)O(3). In the crystal structure, distorted square-anti-prismatic [LaO(8)] and monocapped square-anti-prismatic [LaO(9)] polyhedra are connected via common edges and faces into chains along [010]. These chains are arranged...