This thesis consists of four self-contained essays that compare real-world incentive schemes used to mitigate moral hazard problems under non-verifiable performance. The first essay contrasts the impact of the precision of performance measurement on wage costs in Uand J-type tournaments. In U-type tournaments prizes are fixed. In J-type tournaments only an overall wage sum is specified. The pri...

secure electronic transaction (set) protocol is an open protocol, which has the potential to emerge as a powerful tool in securing of electronic transactions. the quality of a design of an ecommerce protocols has a great influence on achieving non-functional requirements (nfrs) to the system. an increasingly important non-functional attribute of complex software systems is adaptability. softwar...

to use soil hydrology processes (shp) models, which have increasingly extended during the last years, comprehensive knowledge about these models and their modeling approaches seems to be necessary. the modeling approaches can be categorized as either classical or non-classical. classical approaches mainly model the shp through solving the general unsaturated flow (richards) equation, numericall...

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Based on the background of Gutian country-level green-way planning project, this essay carries out suitability evaluation and empirical study of green-way network selection based on GIS.The main study contents include: According to the green-way network selection principles and analysis of basic construction conditions,taking overlay analysis of GIS quantitative suitability , and putting forwar...

In EFL programs, rating scales used in writing assessment are often constructed by intuition. Intuition-based scales tend to provide inaccurate and divisive ratings of learners’ writing performance. Hence, following an empirical approach, this study attempted to develop a rating scale for elementary-level writing at an EFL program in Saudi Arabia. Towards this goal, 98 students’ essays were sco...

A prototype Internet Research Support System is presented based on earlier work on the modeling of online reading behavior and evaluating the reading process and its outcomes. Users complete a reading task by browsing the Web and writing a short essay. The online browsing data is captured in real-time, which, along with the essay, reflects the participants’ online reading process. Verbatim Quot...

Automated essay scoring is one of the most important educational applications of natural language processing. Recently, researchers have begun exploring methods of scoring essays with respect to particular dimensions of quality such as coherence, technical errors, and relevance to prompt, but there is relatively little work on modeling organization. We present a new annotated corpus and propose...

Both a synopsis and extension of Gesture and Thought (the book), the present essay explores how gestures and language work together in a dialectic. In this analysis the ‘purpose’ of gesture is to fuel and propel thought and speech. A case study illustrates the dependence of verbal thought on context and how it functions. Problems for computational modeling, the presence and absence of gesture ‘...