Collagen corneal shields were developed as a corneal bandage lens and are currently indicated for ocular surface protection following surgery and in traumatic and nontraumatic corneal conditions. Collagen shields are manufactured from porcine or bovine collagen and three different collagen shields are currently available with dissolution times of 12, 24, and 72 hours. The theoretical, experimen...

We evaluated the effectiveness of metallic shields that were used for reduction of the breast dose in thoracic computed tomography(CT). For the evaluation, we measured breast surface dose and image standard deviation(SD)in the lung area. The metallic shields were made from bismuth, zinc, copper, and iron. The bismuth shield has been marketed and used for dose reduction. The other three metallic...

Motivated by examples of erosive incision of channels in sand, we investigate the motion of individual grains in a granular bed driven by a laminar fluid to give us new insights into the relationship between hydrodynamic stress and surface granular flow. A closed cell of rectangular cross-section is partially filled with glass beads and a constant fluid flux Q flows through the cell. The refrac...

BACKGROUND It is estimated that 60 million computed tomography (CT) scans were performed during 2006, with approximately 11% of those performed on children age 0-15 years. Various types of gonadal shielding have been evaluated for reducing exposure to the gonads. The purpose of this study was to quantify the radiation dose reduction to the gonads and its effect on image quality when a wrap-arou...

A structural econometric investigation of the agency theory of financial structure We estimate a structural model of financing choices in presence of managerial moral hazard, financial distress costs and taxes. In the theoretical model, firms with low cost of managerial effort, and high financial distress costs and non–debt tax shields, find it optimal to issue equity. Correspondingly the likel...

CONTEXT Speculation exists that use of a full face shield by ice hockey players may increase their risk of concussions and neck injuries, offsetting the benefits of protection from dental, facial, and ocular injuries, but, to our knowledge, no data exist regarding this possibility. OBJECTIVE To determine the risk of sustaining a head or neck injury among intercollegiate ice hockey players wea...