multi-objective optimization is the simultaneous consideration of two or more objective functions that are completely or partially inconflict with each other. the optimality of such optimizations is largely defined through the pareto optimality. multiple objective integer linear programs (moilp) are special cases of multiple criteria decision making problems. numerous algorithms have been desig...

as eyal et al put forth in their piece, non-physician clinicians in sub-saharan africa and the evolving role of physicians, task-shifting across sub-saharan africa through non-physician clinicians (npcs) has led to an improvement in access to health services in the context of physician-shortages. here, we offer a commentary to the piece by eyal et al, concurring that physician’s roles should ev...

a group g is said to be a (pf)c-group or to have polycyclic-by-finite conjugacy classes, if g/c_{g}(x^{g}) is a polycyclic-by-finite group for all xin g. this is a generalization of the familiar property of being an fc-group. de falco et al. (respectively, de giovanni and trombetti) studied groups whose proper subgroups of infinite rank have finite (respectively, polycyclic) conjugacy classes. ...

hadamard (or complete $cat(0)$) spaces are complete, non-positive curvature, metric spaces. here, we prove a nonlinear ergodic theorem for continuous non-expansive semigroup in these spaces as well as a strong convergence theorem for the commutative case. our results extend the standard non-linear ergodic theorems for non-expansive maps on real hilbert spaces, to non-expansive maps on had...

the available shear correction factors have mainly been developed for homogeneous isotropic plates and/or assuming that no shear tractions are imposed on the top and bottom surfaces of the plate. in the present research, a more general case of a circular functionally graded plate subjected to non-uniform normal and shear tractions at the top and bottom surfaces is considered. these non-uniform ...

The rings considered in this article are commutative with identity $1neq 0$. By a proper ideal of a ring $R$,  we mean an ideal $I$ of $R$ such that $Ineq R$.  We say that a proper ideal $I$ of a ring $R$ is a  maximal non-prime ideal if $I$ is not a prime ideal of $R$ but any proper ideal $A$ of $R$ with $ Isubseteq A$ and $Ineq A$ is a prime ideal. That is, among all the proper ideals of $R$,...

nineteen bread wheat genotypes were selected to examine the effect of glycine betaine (gb, 100 mm) on various photosynthetic gas exchange parameters under drought stress and to study the relationship of these parameters with non-enzymatic antioxidants. drought stress caused a significant decline in net co2 assimilation rate (pn), stomatal conductance (gs), intercellular co2 concentration (ci) a...

abstract background: the varieties of treatment methods for the scaphoid non::::union:::: have always been a discussable issue for orthopaedic surgeons. the current study, considered to be review for treatment results of the patients who sustained the scaphoid non::::union:::: with or without avascular necrosis and compared these two groups clinically and radiologically. methods: the clinical a...

primary musculoskeletal lymphoma presenting as monoarthritis is very rare. less than 20 cases have been reported. the ultrasound appearances have not been reported to date. we present a young female of primary knee lymphoma with synovial involvement presenting as monoarthritis. the ultrasound and mri features are discussed.