In this paper an analytic approach to estimate the nonlinearity of radix-4 pipelined analog-to-digital converters due to the circuit non-idealities is presented. Output voltage of each stage is modeled as sum of the ideal output voltage and non-ideal output voltage (error voltage), in which non-ideal output voltage is created by capacitor mismatch, comparator offset, input offset, and finite ga...

In optical networks regenerators have to be placed on lightpaths in order to regenerate the signal. In addition, grooming enables the use of the same regenerator by several lightpaths. In this work we consider the problem of minimizing the number of regenerators used in traffic grooming in optical networks. We focus on networks with path topology and on the case in which a regenerator has to be...

Telecommunication systems make use of optical signals to transmit information. The strength of a signal in an optical network deteriorates and loses power as it gets farther from the source, mainly due to attenuation. Therefore, to enable the signal to arrive at its intended destination with good quality, it is necessary to regenerate it periodically using regenerators. These components are rel...

The paper considers the issue of compliance with technological regulations for operation regenerator aeration tank. An analysis features processes in was carried out, factors affecting them were determined, namely intensity aeration, consumption and initial dose activated sludge. To determine characteristics sludge at exit from regenerator, experimental studies conducted a model obtained that d...

abstract:a mathematical model for the performance prediction of an industrial glass furnace with six ports on each side was developed. this model comprises of two main sub-models for the combustion chamber and glass-melting tank. the first sub-model consists of the models for the combustion and the heat transfer model including, radiation, convection and conduction. the fuel combustion in atmos...

The twisted plywood architecture, known as the Bouligand structure, is a ubiquitous biological and synthetic fibrous composite structure, analogous to that of cholesteric liquid crystals. Twisted plywoods can show ideal or non-ideal structures and are formed via equilibrium or non-equilibrium liquid crystal self-assembly processes. A key to the structure characterisation of plywood films is the...

In optical networks regenerators have to be placed on lightpaths every d nodes in order to regenerate the signal. In addition, grooming enables the use of the same regenerator by several lightpaths. Up to g (the grooming factor) lightpaths can use the same regenerator. In this work we consider the problem of minimizing the number of regenerators used in traffic grooming in optical networks. Sta...