background : the axillary lymph node stage is one of the single most important determinants in the prognosis of breast cancer patients. the disadvantages of the two previous methods used for evaluating axillary node metastasis, i.e., axillary lymph node dissection and sentinel lymph node biopsy, have directed researchers to investigate new techniques for this purpose. the aim of the current stu...

background: the impact of positive intramammary lymph node (im ln) on the prognosis of patients with breast cancer has been debated for years; likewise, the standard management of patients with positive im ln remains unclear, especially when it is identified by preoperative imaging or by sentinel lymph node biopsy. the present study aims at reviewing the level of concurrent involvement of im ln...