It would be extremely advantageous to the analysis of disease mechanisms in the spontaneous mouse model of type 1 diabetes, the nonobese diabetic (NOD) strain, if genes in this strain could be modified in vivo using embryonic stem (ES) cells and homologous recombination. However, a NOD ES cell line with adequate germline transmission has not yet been reported. We report the development of highl...

Rhizobial Nod factors induce in their legume hosts the expression of many genes and set in motion developmental processes leading to root nodule formation. Here we report the identification of the Medicago GRAS-type protein Nodulation signaling pathway 1 (NSP1), which is essential for all known Nod factor-induced changes in gene expression. NSP1 is constitutively expressed, and so it acts as a ...

Flavonoids in root exudate of leguminous plants activate the transcription of Rhizobium genes involved in the formation of root nodules (nod genes). We report that inoculation with the homologous symbiont R. leguminosarum bv. viciae results in an increased nod gene-inducing activity (Ini) in root exudate of V. sativa subsp. nigra, whereas inoculation with heterologous Rhizobium strains results ...

Development of a small animal model for the in vivo study of human immunity and infectious disease remains an important goal, particularly for investigations of HIV vaccine development. NOD/Lt mice homozygous for the severe combined immunodeficiency (Prkdcscid) mutation readily support engraftment with high levels of human hematolymphoid cells. However, NOD/LtSz-scid mice are highly radiosensit...

In a population-based case-control study we have previously shown that 14% of healthy Manitobans carry one or two mutations in the NOD-2 locus, a gene highly associated with Crohn's disease (CD). The NOD-2 protein is the receptor responsible for recognition of bacterial peptidoglycans, and it is plausible that NOD-2 is involved in the recognition of mycobacteria. Thirty-seven percent of Manitob...

To identify host genes that might influence nod (nodulation) gene expression in Rhizobium leguminosarum, a nodC-phoA reporter plasmid (carrying nodD) was introduced into a chemically mutagenized population of a R. leguminosarum strain lacking a symbiotic plasmid. The transconjugants were screened for expression of alkaline phosphatase (PhoA) on plates containing hesperetin, an inducer of nod ge...

Genetic analysis of the development of diabetes and insulitis has been performed in the nonobese diabetic (NOD) mouse strain, a model of insulin-dependent (type I) diabetes mellitus. (NOD X C57BL/10)F1, F2, and (F1 X NOD) first-, second-, and third-backcross generations were studied. The data obtained were consistent with the hypothesis that diabetes is controlled by at least three functionally...

The Drosophila no distributive disjunction (nod) gene encodes a kinesin-like protein that has been proposed to push chromosomes toward the metaphase plate during female meiosis. We report that the nonmotor domain of the nod protein can mediate direct binding to DNA. Using an antiserum prepared against bacterially expressed nod protein, we show that during prometaphase nod protein is localized o...

In this study, we demonstrate a role for extracentromeric sequences in chromosome inheritance. Genetic analyses indicate that transmission of the Drosophila minichromosome Dp1187 is sensitive to the dosage of nod+, a kinesin-like gene required for the meiotic transmission of achiasmate chromosomes. Minichromosome deletions displayed increased loss rates in females heterozygous for a loss-of-fun...

Root exudates of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) inoculated with symbiotic Rhizobium meliloti bacteria contained three isoflavonoids that were not found in exudates of uninoculated plants. Data from proton nuclear magnetic resonance, mass spectrometry, and ultraviolet-visible absorbance analyses indicated that root exudates of inoculated plants contained aglycone and glycoside forms of the phytoal...