in recent years of experience fetal hemoglobin (hbf) induction considers as novel therapeutic approach for β-thalassemia and sickle cell in therapeutic approaches. several pharmacologic agents such as hydroxyurea, azacytidine, butyrate deriviates and immunomodulator drugs like pomalidomide and lnalidomide could able to up-regulate hbf level with different molecular and epigenetic paterns (1-4)....

human mesenchymal stem cell (msc) can be isolated from bone marrow (bm) and differentiated into multiple lineages. these properties make them promising tools in cell and gene therapy. up to now, no definite therapeutic intervention for late stages of multiple sclerosis (ms) has been found. we decided to inject ms patients with autologous expanded msc. five patients participated in this ongoing ...

vertebra plana is a radiological diagnosis that indicates complete compression of the vertebral body.(1,2) this condition was reported in langerhans cell histiocytosis including eosino-philic granuloma,(3, 12) ewing's sarcoma,(2,13,14) tuberculosis,(15,16) vertebral osteomyelitis,(17) aseptic necrosis,(18) aneurysmal bone cyst,(19) osteosarcoma,(20) neuroblastoma,(21) acute leu-kemia,(22) rhabd...

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