We present a study of statistical relationships between the G condition, F1-layer and NmF2 negative disturbance occurrence probabilities and geomagnetic and solar activity indices Kp and F10.7, season, and geomagnetic latitude, using experimental data acquired by the Ionospheric Digital Database of the National Geophysical Data Center, Boulder, Colorado from 1957 to 1990. It is shown that the d...

Moderate ionospheric disturbances combined with storm signatures are characterized by the positive index (WU), negative (WL), and range (WE = WU – WL). We assign weights to these indices as a function of magnitude W-index, observation latitude critical frequency F2 layer, foF2 (the layer peak electron density, NmF2) or total content (TEC). It is shown that moderate irregularities (W ±2) occur m...

The shape of the vertical electron density profile is a result production, loss and transportation plasma in Earth’s ionosphere. Therefore, equivalent slab thickness ionosphere that characterizes width profiles an important parameter for better understanding ionospheric processes under regular as well perturbed conditions. defined by ratio total content over peak therefore easy to compute utili...

[1] The strength of the Earth’s magnetic field changes over time. We use simulations with the Coupled Magnetosphere-Ionosphere-Thermosphere model to investigate how the magnetosphere, upper atmosphere, and solar quiet (Sq) geomagnetic variation respond as the geomagnetic dipole moment M varies between 2⋅10 and 10⋅10 Am. We find that the magnetopause stand-off distance and the cross-polar cap po...

The accurate representation of the ionospheric electron density in 3-dimensions is a challenging problem because nature horizontal and vertical structures on both small large scales. This paper presents development global three-dimensional (3-D) reconstruction based radio occultation data during 2006–2019 neural networks. We demonstrate that developed model COSMIC dataset only capable reproduci...

Multi-parameter observations, powerful for the study of lithosphere–atmosphere–ionosphere coupling (LAIC), have been performed a recent Tokyo earthquake (EQ) with moderate magnitude (M = 5.9) and rather larger depth (~70 km) on 7 October 2021, in hope predicting next Kanto (Tokyo) huge EQ, such as 1923 Great EQ (with greater than 7). Various possible precursors searched during two-month period ...

The GPS derived TEC disturbances before earthquakes were discovered in the last years using global and regional TEC maps, TEC measurements over individual stations as well as measurements along individual GPS satellite passes. For strong mid-latitudinal earthquakes the seismo-ionospheric anomalies look like local TEC enhancements or decreases located in the vicinity of the forthcoming earthquak...