Agroforestry is an agricultural diversification practice that purposefully grows trees together with crops and/or animals. Nitrogen (N) plays a pivotal role in the sustainability and productivity of these systems. In this study, we synthesize our current understanding data availability N dynamics agroforestry systems, providing first comprehensive synthesis on major pathways agroforests. We rev...

The photophysics and photochemistry of the nitrogen-rich compounds diazomethane and diazirine were studied both experimentally and theoretically following excitation in the ultraviolet. These molecules are locally stable on their ground potential energy surfaces, but they contain large amounts of nuclear potential energy that can be unleashed upon photoexcitation. Methods for generating these c...

Abstract. 1. Wood decomposition is characterised by complex and poorly understood nitrogen (N) dynamics with unclear implications for forest nutrient cycling and productivity. Wood-dwelling microbes have developed unique strategies for coping with the N limitations imposed by their substrate, including the translocation of N into wood by cord-forming fungi and the fixation of atmospheric nitrog...

Interactions between different axes of an organism's niche determine the evolutionary trajectory of a population. An extreme case of these interactions is predicted from ecological theory in Liebig's law of the minimum. This law states that in environments where multiple nutrients are in relatively low concentrations, only one nutrient will affect the growth of the organism. This implies that t...

In this study, we examined the nitrogen dynamics of a highly urbanized coastal area, focusing on the impacts of sewage-derived nitrogen. High levels of dissolved inorganic nitrogen were detected in seawater near treated sewage effluent (TSE) discharge points before decreasing in the offshore direction, suggesting that the impact zone of sewage effluent is about 1–2 km from the discharge point. ...

‘Ihe Ipswich River is a low-gradient, coastal river in northeastem Massachusetts. It is about 55 km long and drains an area of 401 km’. Previous observations and studies indicate high levels of dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) in the headwaters of the river due to urban and residential land use (1). However, concentrations drop quickly with distance downstream, presumably due to biological pr...

We present a molecular dynamics simulation study of vacancy generation and emission from grain boundaries during curvature-driven grain boundary migration. The U-shaped half-loop bicrystal geometry is employed in order to maintain a constant driving force during boundary migration. Nonlinearities in plots of half-loop grain area versus time indicate the onset of non-steady-state behavior and va...

A large reservoir of bioavailable nitrogen (up to approximately 10(4) kilograms of nitrogen per hectare, as nitrate) has been previously overlooked in studies of global nitrogen distribution. The reservoir has been accumulating in subsoil zones of arid regions throughout the Holocene. Consideration of the subsoil reservoir raises estimates of vadose-zone nitrogen inventories by 14 to 71% for wa...