Nicotine is a psychoactive ingredient in tobacco that significantly contributes to the harmful tobacco smoking habit. Nicotine dependence is more prevalent than dependence on any other substance. Preclinical research in animal models of the various aspects of nicotine dependence suggests a critical role of glutamate, g-aminobutyric acid (GABA), cholinergic and dopamine neurotransmitter interact...

The associations between maternal smoking and nicotine dependence and patterns of smoking and nicotine dependence in offspring were examined in a large community-based sample of adolescents. Data were derived from baseline and 4-year follow-up assessments of 938 respondents aged 14-17 years at the outset of the Early Developmental Stages of Psychopathology (EDSP) study, a prospective-longitudin...

The degree of nicotine dependence is an important predictor of successful cessation of smoking among smokers. Some investigators reported a possible relationship between reducing job stress and successful smoking cessation . This may be attributable to the effect of job stress on nicotine dependence. That is, high levels of job stress could produce and/or maintain high levels of nicotine depend...

Few studies have examined whether nicotine dependence self-report questionnaires can predict specific behaviors and symptoms at specific points in time. The present study used data from a randomized clinical trial (N = 608; M. E. Piper et al., 2007) to assess the construct validity of scales and items from 3 nicotine dependence measures: the Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence (T. F. Heathe...

Introduction: Fasting during Ramadan provides an opportunistic setting for smoking cessation intervention. Smokers find it easy to cease smoking during Ramadan due to the religion, cultural and environmental influences. This study aims to determine the changes in smoking behaviour during Ramadan among Malay Muslim male students who were current smokers. Methods: This is cross sectional study us...

introduction : according to drug gateway theory, smoking cigarette, especially, low onset age of smoking, is one of the risk factors for future use. objective the present study deals with comparison of nicotine addicts and opiate addicts in order to identify that what differences in personality traits and onset age of smoking exist in these two groups that cause some individuals to appeal to ot...

BACKGROUND To study the relationship between alcohol abuse or dependence as diagnosed by the CAGE questionnaire, and nicotine dependence as diagnosed by Fagerström Test of Nicotine Dependence (FTND) in French seamen. MATERIALS AND METHODS French seamen were recruited from a stratified survey of 19 ports in France. The subjects completed a questionnaire during their annual medical check-up wit...

AIMS Using the Fagerström Test of Nicotine Dependence (FTND), the Heaviness of Smoking Index (HSI) and the time-to-first-cigarette (TTFC), this study estimated prevalence, evaluated optimal scale cut-offs, identified predictors and assessed potential impact on health, productivity and health-care use of high nicotine dependence among US smokers. DESIGN, SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS This cross-sec...

INTRODUCTION Current smoking cessation treatments largely address pharmacological dependence on nicotine. New approaches are needed that address both nicotine dependence and psychological dependence on cigarettes as the source of nicotine. One such approach is the use of cigarettes with reduced nicotine content. METHODS We reviewed the available literature on the use of reduced-nicotine conte...