BACKGROUND Whole-grain foods and cereal dietary fiber intake is associated with lower body weight. This may partly result from lower energy utilization of high-fiber diets. OBJECTIVE In the present study, the impact on ileal excretion of energy and macronutrients in response to a rye bread high-fiber diet compared to a refined wheat low-fiber diet was investigated. Furthermore, the effect of ...

Studies from several laboratories worldwide have developed a large database for in vivo hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase gene mutations in human T-lymphocytes. Sufficient differences have been found thus far between the spectrum for spontaneous mutations in adults and that observed in the fetus to suggest fundamental differences in in vivo mutagenic mechanisms at these two life st...

The pattern of food intake can affect the regulation of body weight and lipogenesis. We studied the effect of meal frequency on human energy expenditure (EE) and its components. During 1 week ten male adults (age 25-61 years, body mass index 20.7-30.4 kg/m2) were fed to energy balance at two meals/d (gorging pattern) and during another week at seven meals/d (nibbling pattern). For the first 6 d...

A number of metabolic factors and the activity of a number of enzymes were determined in meal-fed (animals fed a single daily 2 hr meal) and nibbling (ad libitum-fed) rats. The dependency of the observed adaptive changes on the ingestion of carbohydrate was studied by feeding diets high in carbohydrate or fat. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and NADP-malic dehydrogenase were more active in ad...

Group-housed laboratory mice are frequently found with their whiskers and facial hair removed. It has been proposed that dominant mice are responsible for barbering the hair of the recipient (the Dalila effect), and early studies suggest that the hair is removed by nibbling. In the present study, pairs of C57BL6 mice, composed of a barber and recipient, were separated to allow hair to regrow. T...

Studies from several laboratories worldwide have developed a large database for in vivo hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase gene mutations in human à ̄-lymphocytes. Sufficient differences have been found thus far between the spectrum for spontaneous mutations in adults and that observed in the fetus to suggest fundamental differences in in vivo mutagenic mechanisms at these two life s...

The last 100 years have seen a revolution in the understanding of adrenal disease and its surgical treatment. The isolation of its hormones, the detailed study of the adrenal medulla and the cortex together with the enormous expansion of surgical methods served as catalysts to this revolution. The Greek word for adrenal (epinephridio, from the Greek epi, upon, and nephros, kidney) dates back to...

A number of metabolic factors and the activity of a number of enzymes were determined in meal-fed (animals fed a single daily 2 hr meal) and nibbling (ad libitum-fed) rats. The dependency of the observed adaptive changes on the ingestion of carbohydrate was studied by feeding diets high in carbohydrate or fat. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and NADP-malic dehydrogenase were more active in ad...

Great apes sometimes feed on items of low nutritional value with bioactive secondary compounds. These molecules may be toxic and neophobia is presumed to be an essential factor in avoiding the ingestion of noxious items. The aim of this study is to investigate, in captive orangutans, individual and social learning involved in the discovery and ingestion of new items. We presented novel aromatic...

OBJECTIVE To define the clinical and radiological characteristics of the four most common presentations of temporomandibular dysfunction-myofascial pain (MFP), disc displacement with reduction (DDWR), disc displacement without reduction (DDWoR), and osteoarthrosis (OR)-and to identify the differences among them. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study comprised a series of 850 patients (121 males and ...