Background and objectives: Nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) inhibition results in an increase in apoptosis. It has been demonstrated that NF-κB subunit p65 phosphorylation at the IκB kinase phosphorylation site serine 536 (Ser536) is essential for the NF-κB nuclear translocation and activation. Therefore, NF-κB can be downregulated by suppressing its phosph...

We have recently discovered bovine and human vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs) express a novel constitutive Nuclear Factor-kappa B (NF-kappa B)/Rel-like activity (Lawrence, R., L.-J. Chang, U. Siebenlist, P. Bressler, and G.E. Sonenshein. 1994. J. Biol. Chem. 269:28913-28918), here termed SMC-Rel. Since cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection of human vascular SMCs has been implicated in aberrant SMC...

OBJECTIVES We have previously reported that interleukin (IL)-6 is induced by hypoxic stimulation in cardiac myocytes. In the present study, we examined the induction of potent transcription factors of IL-6, nuclear factor (NF)-kappa B and NF-IL6, in cardiac myocytes subjected to hypoxia. METHODS Five different lengths of IL-6 promoter-luciferase reporter plasmids and three mutant plasmids, in...

Anergy is a key physiological mechanism for restraining self-reactive B cells. A marked portion of peripheral B cells are anergic B cells that largely depend on BAFF for survival. BAFF activates the canonical and noncanonical NF-κB pathways, both of which are required for B cell survival. In this study we report that deficiency of the adaptor protein B cell lymphoma 10 (Bcl10) impaired the abil...

Iron is both essential and toxic for cells and impaired iron homeostasis has been shown to cause or potentiate various forms of liver injury. Research in our laboratory suggests that iron also plays a pivotal role in intracellular signaling for NF-kappa B activation in hepatic macrophages (HM). Our results showed: 1) HM from alcohol-fed rats had a increase in the nonheme iron content accompanie...

BACKGROUND Inactivation of p53 is involved in arsenite-induced tumorigenesis; however, the molecular mechanisms remain poorly understood. OBJECTIVE We investigated the molecular mechanisms underlying the inactivation of p53 and neoplastic transformation induced by arsenite in human embryo lung fibroblast (HELF) cells. METHODS Anchorage-independent growth assays were performed, and tumorigen...

Interferons (IFNs) are antiviral cytokines that selectively regulate gene expression through several signaling pathways including nuclear factor B (NF B). To investigate the specific role of NF B in IFN signaling, we performed gene expression profiling after IFN treatment of embryonic fibroblasts derived from normal mice or mice with targeted deletion of NF B p50 and p65 genes. Interestingly, s...

Mice lacking all 3 Vav proteins fail to produce significant numbers of recirculating follicular or marginal zone B cells. Those B cells that do mature have shortened lifespans. The constitutive nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) activity of resting naive B cells required Vav function and expression of cellular reticuloendotheliosis (c-Rel). Rel-A was reduced in Vav-deficient B cells. Furthermore...