today, one of the new technologies in the modern era is vehicular ad-hoc network which has takenenormous attention in the recent years. because of rapid topology changing and frequent disconnectionmakes it difficult to design an efficient routing protocol for routing data between vehicles, called v2v orvehicle to vehicle communication and vehicle to roadside infrastructure, called v2i. designin...

There are three sex ratio strategies (SRS) in nature-male-biased sex ratio, female-biased sex ratio and, equal sex ratio. It was R. A. Fisher who first explained why most species in nature display a sex ratio of ½. Consequent SRS theories such as Hamilton's local mate competition (LMC) and Clark's local resource competition (LRC) separately explained the observed deviations from the seemingly u...

Breast density, as visible on mammograms, is generally assessed as the occupied percentage of the breast and is a risk factor for breast cancer. Various studies have looked into the causation and alteration of relative density but the relation of a determinant with a relative measure does not allow a direct etiologic interpretation. It was our goal to compare the effects of known determinants o...

The terms ratio scale, apparently first introduced by Stevens (1946, 1951), and ratio scaling, apparently first introduced by Krantz (1972) but closely related to previous phrasing, denote different but interrelated things. Although Krantz was very clear on the matter,' the similarity of the terms seems to invite confusion and confounding. My goal here is to explicate some aspects of the differ...

In this paper asymptotic confidence intervals for the Sortino and Omega Ratio are proposed and analyzed. First the confidence intervals are derived under the strong assumption of temporal independence and identical distribution of the returns. Later they are obtained assuming that the process followed by returns is strictly stationary and α-mixing of a certain size. In order to evaluate the min...

There is evidence that the ratio of the length of the 2nd and 4th digit (2D:4D) is negatively related to prenatal and adult concentrations of testosterone. It has also been reported that high levels of testosterone at conception in both fathers and mothers are associated with an increased sex ratio (proportion of males at birth). It follows from these observations that low values of 2D:4D may b...