We investigate fitness neutrality in a Simple Evolutionary Algorithm (SEA) and in a neutrality-enabled evolutionary system using the OneMax problem. The results show that with the support of limited neutrality, SEA is less effective than our system where a larger amount of neutrality is supported. In order to understand the role of neutrality in evolutionary search of this unimodal landscape, w...

The origin of species richness is one of the most widely discussed questions in ecology. The absence of unified mechanistic model of competition makes difficult our deep understanding of this subject. Here we show such a two-species competition model that unifies (i) a mechanistic niche model, (ii) a mechanistic neutral (null) model and (iii) a mechanistic violation of the competitive exclusion...

Modelling of spin transport and spin dynamics, as a prerequisite for designing spintronic devices, is considered. Spin injection into a semiconductor under chargedepletion, chargeneutrality, and charge accumulation is investigated. The existence of amaximum spin current density in the bulk at a large spin current density at the interface in charge accumulation is related to the spin current at ...

In this paper, we introduce and study the GQL?-operations. We prove that class is a hyper of known QL?-operations. Similar to QL?-operations, GQL?-operations are not always fuzzy implications. On other hand, present necessary but sufficient condition leads generation GQL?-implication. Our completed by studying satisfaction or violation some basic properties implications, such as left neutrality...

This paper investigates the private provision of public goods in segregated societies. While most research agrees that segregation undermines public goods provision the findings are mixed for private provision: social interactions, being strong within groups and limited across groups, may either increase or impede voluntary contributions. Surprisingly, very little light is shed in the literatur...

Net neutrality is the focus of an important policy debate that is tied to technological innovation, economic development, and information access. We examine the role of human values in shaping the Net neutrality debate through a content analysis of testimonies from U.S. Senate and FCC hearings on Net neutrality. The analysis is based on a coding scheme that we developed based on a pilot study i...

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Excerpt] In spite of the criticisms, there can be little doubt that labor’s campaigns to achieve and enforce neutrality agreements offer hope that the long-term decline in union density actually can be reversed. A highprofile example of a strategic blend of bargaining and organizing demonstrates the potential of this approach.