In addition to mediating several physiological functions, nitric oxide (NO) has been implicated in the cytotoxicities observed following activation of macrophages or excess stimulation of neurons by glutamate. We extend our previous observations of glutamate-stimulated, NO-mediated neurotoxicity in primary cultures of rat fetal cortical, striatal, and hippocampal neurons. Neurotoxicity elicited...

neuroprotective effect of the extract from aerial parts of scrophularia striata boiss(scrophulariaceae) was investigated against glutamate-induced neurotoxicity on cultured rat pupscerebellar granule neurons (cgns). cgns from 8 days old sprague-dawley rat were preparedand cultured. the experiments were performed after 8 days in culture. the plant was collected fromthe northeastern part (ruin re...

Neurotoxicity represents a serious complication following liver transplantation and may be evoked by various perioperative factors or develop due to toxicity of immunosuppresion. The symptoms of neurotoxicity associated with calcineurin inhibitors (CNIs) may be reversed by discontinuing or reducing the dose of CNIs; however, this may increase the risk of rejection. To address this issue, we exa...

We present four cases of fragile X premutation carriers with early neurological symptoms, including symptoms consistent with multiple sclerosis (MS) and fragile X-associated tremor/ataxia syndrome (FXTAS). Each patient had significant exposure to one or more environmental neurotoxicants that have documented neurotoxicity (i.e. hexachlorocyclopentadiene or C56, Agent Orange, and 2,4- or 2,6-tolu...

They are used as pesticides but can also be used as 'nerve gas'. This is prohibited under the Geneva Convention but could be used by terrorists or rogue regimes. There is some suggestion that the use of OP pesticides may have caused some neurotoxicity and be responsible for 'Gulf War syndrome'. Certainly, insecticides were freely used, as were many other chemicals. The syndrome is inconsistent ...

Nitric oxide (nitrogen monoxide; NO) is a simple molecule with diverse biological functions. NO and related reactive nitrogen oxide species (RNOS) mediate intricate physiological and pathophysiological effects in the central nervous system. Depending on environmental conditions, NO and RNOS can initiate and mediate neuroprotection or neurotoxicity either exclusively or synergistically with othe...

Although development of the full syndrome of kernicterus is relatively rare, neonatal jaundice continues to occur frequently. Controversy remains concerning whether or not infants with moderate elevations in bilirubin are at risk for neurodevelopmental disorders in later childhood. Sites of brain pathology associated with bilirubin neurotoxicity are identified and well established. Based on the...