3Ames, R. H., Journal of Neurosurgery, 1967, 27, 525. 4Weiss, S. R., and Raskind, R., International Surgery, 1969, 51, 13. 5 Forrest, D. M., and Cooper, D. G. W., Journal of Neurosurgery, 1968, 29, 506. 6 Guthkelch, A. N., British Journal of Surgery, 1967, 54, 665. 7 Merrill, R. E., McCutchen, T., Meacham, W.'F., and Carter, T., Journal of the American Medical Association, 1965, 191, 21. 8 Shur...

introduction: assessment tools of academic achievement in the field of surgery have always been received considerable attention. the issue that has received less attention is that which one of these methods has higher efficiency to cover appropriately educational objectives in surgical groups. this survey aimed to evaluate the results of three examinations (including osce, in-group educational ...

cognitive rehabilitation is a group of designed techniques that is for the promotion of cognitive domains in people with disease or disability. cognitive rehabilitation therapy (crt) is the science of restoring cognitive processing and learning compensatory strategies and it affects the molecular and cellular recovery rehabilitation by integration of behavioral and cognitive changes. the promot...

PREFACE The leadership of Women in Neurosurgery (WINS) has been asked by the Board of Directors of the American Association of Neurological Surgeons (AANS) to compose a white paper on the recruitment and retention of female neurosurgical residents and practitioners. INTRODUCTION Neurosurgery must attract the best and the brightest. Women now constitute a larger percentage of medical school cl...

1Department of Neurosurgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India 2Department of Neurosurgery, King George Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India 3Department of Neurosurgery, Sawai Man Singh Medical College, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India 4Department of Anesthesiology, SMS Medical College, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India 5Department of Anaesthesiology, HIMS, Joll...

1Department of Neurosurgery, University of Iowa Hospital and Clinics, 200 Hawkins Drive, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA 2Department of Neurological Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University and Jefferson Hospital for Neuroscience, 3rd Floor, 901 Walnut Street, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA 3Department of Neurosurgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA 4Department of Neurosurgery, Yale U...