Neuroplasticity (also referred to as brain plasticity, cortical plasticity or cortical re-mapping) is the changing of neurons, organization of their networks, and their function via new experiences. The brain consists of nerve cells or neurons and glial cells which are interconnected, and learning may happen through changing of the strength of the connections between neurons, by adding or remov...

Optimal cognitive and emotional function is vital to independence, productivity, and quality of life. Cognitive impairment without dementia may be seen in 16% to 33% of adults older than 65 years, and is associated with significant emotional distress. Cognitive and emotional well-being are inextricably linked. This article qualifies revitalizing the aged brain, discusses neuroplasticity, and su...

Neuroplasticity can be defined as a final common pathway of neurobiological processes, including structural, functional or molecular mechanisms, that result in stability or compensation for age- or disease-related changes. The papers in this issue address the aging process, as well as depression, dementia, and stroke and a range of interventions, including manipulations in behavior (physical an...

In the article by Xin et al, “MicroRNA-17–92 Cluster in Exosomes Enhance Neuroplasticity and Functional Recovery After Stroke in Rats,” which published online ahead of print February 23, 2017, and appeared in the March 2017 issue of the journal (Stroke. 2017;48:747–753. DOI: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.116.015204), a correction is needed. On page 747, in the title, “MicroRNA cluster miR-17–92 Cluster in ...

The current science of neuroplasticity shows us “a phenomenon where different stimuli lead to an increase or decrease in the number of brain cells and remodeling of synapses,” says Rudraprosad Chakraborty, M.D., D.P.M., senior resident at the Ranchi Institute of Neuropsychiatry and Allied Sciences. “Neuroplasticity research has established, beyond doubt, that instead of being a static cell mass...

In this paper we examine whether experience with spatial metaphors for time has an influence on people's representation of time. In particular we ask whether spatio-temporal metaphors can have both chronic and immediate effects on temporal thinking. In Study 1, we examine the prevalence of ego-moving representations for time in Mandarin speakers, English speakers, and Mandarin-English (ME) bili...

The last two decades of research have established substantial cultural variations in cognitive, emotional, and motivational processes along the axis of independent versus interdependent self-construal. It is not clear, however, whether these variations are due to controlled processes such as self-presentation and rule-based behavioral regulation or, alternatively, whether they reflect brain mec...

The hypotheses on the pathophysiology of depression/mood disorders and on antidepressant mechanisms have greatly changed in recent years. The classical monoamine hypothesis was revealed to be simplistic, in that it could not explain the temporal delay in the therapeutic action of antidepressants. Converging lines of evidence have shown that adaptive changes in the several mechanisms of neuropla...

In this paper, we review the history of the concept of neuroplasticity as it relates to the understanding of neuropsychiatric disorders, using schizophrenia as a case in point. We briefly review the myriad meanings of the term neuroplasticity, and its neuroscientific basis. We then review the evidence for aberrant neuroplasticity and metaplasticity associated with schizophrenia as well as the r...

........................................................................................................................... 8 Introduction ..................................................................................................................... 9 The Study ...................................................................................................................................