Breastfeeding is a natural safety-net for the first few months in order to give the child a fairer start to life. The American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry recognizes the distinct nutritional advantages of human milk for infants and endorsed the position of the American Academy of Pediatrics on the promotion of breastfeeding. It therefore calls for increase in need to negotiate the roles and ...

This paper investigates the short-term costs and benefits of apprenticeship training in Germany. It calls into question the popular stylised fact that apprenticeship training always leads to net costs during the apprenticeship period. We analyse the impact of the proportion of different occupational groups of apprentices on firm performance. We use representative matched employer–employee panel...

We conducted a randomized experiment at the time of the 2004 flu vaccine shortage, providing information about the sharply reduced number of clinics and their schedule, and an appeal on cooperative restraint to a campus population. This strategy was intended to reduce demand for vaccination among non-priority individuals and to free available supplies for the priority population. It failed to a...

This paper describes the S3MS.NET run time monitor, a tool that can enforce security policies expressed in a variety of policy languages for .NET desktop or mobile applications. The tool consists of two major parts: a bytecode inliner that rewrites .NET assemblies to insert calls to a policy decision point, and a policy compiler that compiles source policies to executable policy decision points...

Background: The annual statistics of Drug and Poison Information Centers (DPICs) have critical role in public health planning. The objective of this study was to provide annual epidemiologic profile of drug inquiry and poisoning-related phone calls to Iran’s DPICs during 2014-2015. Methods: This was a descriptive retrospective study by reviewing reported phone calls of Iranian DPICs to central...

National income accounting has been criticized because of its failure to encompass the notion of sustainability. Several studies address this problem through ‘green’ income accounting — i.e. by adjusting conventionally measured GDP for reduction in a given country’s ‘stock’ of natural resources. These studies generally base value on the unit net price of the resource. Other studies go beyond ne...

We propose a method for implementing behavioral interface specifications on the .NET platform. Our interface specifications are expressed as executable model programs. Model programs can be run either as stand-alone simulations or used as contracts to check the conformance of an implementation class to its specification. We focus on the latter, which we call runtime verification. In our framewo...

House calls provide a unique perspective on patients' environment and health problems. The demand for house calls is expected to increase considerably in future decades as the U.S. population ages. Although study results have been inconsistent, house calls involving multidisciplinary teams may reduce hospital readmissions and long-term care facility stays. Common indications for house calls are...

Animals commonly vocalize when threatened by a predator. These signals, usually termed alarm calls (from old Italian all arme ‘to arms’ on the approach of an enemy), have continued to bewilder and fascinate for a number of reasons, the first of which is mainly practical. In animal research, it is often difficult to break down the continuous behavioral stream into discrete and meaningful units, ...

This paper reports about our experience in designing and developing Chameleon, a highly portable and adaptable group communication framework for smartphones. Chameleon owes its level of portability to several design choices, including: (a) a layered architecture, where the headers of each layer have a standard XML-based format, enabling automatic, error resistant generation of efficient seriali...