Th is paper examines the impact of transport infrastructure, as an important determinant of transport costs, on trade between Bosnia and Herzegovina and Bosnia and Herzegovina’s fi fteen largest trading partners. Th e estimation is based on a gravity model and panel data for the years 2005 to 2014. Transport costs have been estimated on the basis of distance, geography and quality of transport ...

In statistics and econometrics, particularly in regression analysis, a dummy variable (also known as an indicator variable) is one that takes the values 0 or 1 to indicate the absence or presence of some categorical effect that may be expected to shift the outcome.[1] For example, in econometric time series analysis, dummy variables may be used to indicate the occurrence of wars, or major strik...

This paper utilizes the Least Squares Dummy Variables (LSDV) technique in investigating effect of financial depth on economic growth within a sample middle-income countries, over period 2005–2017. The research finds that has negative impact real GDP countries. result is robust to use alternative measures depth, per capita as proxy for growth, inclusion dummy variables control 2007–2010 global c...

A key goal in machine learning and artificial intelligence is to automatically and dynamically decompose problems into simpler problems in order to facilitate their solution. This paper describes two extensions to genetic programming, called "automatic" function definition and "hierarchical automatic" function definition, wherein functions that might be useful in solving a problem are automatic...

Northern Ireland is unique among the regions of the UK in still having an almost entirely selective secondary education system, where roughly one third of pupils attend grammar schools. This paper sets out to study whether attending a grammar school up to age 16 has any effect, ceteris paribus, on the transition of young people from compulsory schooling to further schooling, Further Education, ...

This chapter compares the predictive accuracy of the Michigan and Fair models using the method developed in Fair (1980). These models are compared to each other and to an eighth-order autoregressive model. The method accounts for the four main sources of uncertainty of a forecast: uncertainty due to (I) the error terms, (2) the coefficient estimates, (3) the exogenous variables, and (4) the pos...

Due to the increasing load in backpacks and other load carriage systems over the last decades, load carriage system designs have to be adapted accordingly to minimize discomfort and to reduce the risk of injury. As subject studies are labor-intensive and include further challenges such as intra-subject and inter-subject variability, we aimed to validate an instrumented dummy as an objective lab...

This article describes a SAS macro to assess model fit of structural equation models by employing a test of the model-implied vanishing tetrads. Use of this test has been limited in the past, in part due to the lack of software that fully automates the test in a user-friendly way. The current SAS macro provides a straightforward method for researchers touse thevanishing tetrads impliedbymodels ...

In this paper, the authors analyze product attributes and consumer characteristics in an international service selection decision. Previous work has focused on main effects without exploring the significance of interaction or individual heterogeneity effects. Using conjoint and ordered probit analyses, we find that including interaction and respondent specific dummy variables alters the impacts...