The root-knot nematode (RKN), Meloidogyne incognita, is an obligate, sedentary endoparasite that infects a large number of crops and severely affects productivity. The commonly used nematode control strategies have their own limitations. Of late, RNA interference (RNAi) has become a popular approach for the development of nematode resistance in plants. Transgenic crops capable of expressing dsR...

Phaseolus vulgaris plants, 3, 8, 11, and 13 days old, were inoculated with 0, 2,000, 4,000, or 8,000 second-stage Meloidogyne incognita larvae and maintained under controlled conditions. The photosynthetic rate and the shoot and root concentration of K, Ca, Mn, Fe, Cu, and Zn were determined by destructive assay at 1-27-day intervals and by nondestructive assay of leaves, stems, and roots at 27...

A total of 157 goats, irrespective of sex, breed and age from an organized farm were screened for gastrointestinal nematode infection for a period of one year i.e. from February 2006 to January 2007. Occurances of G.I. nematodes in different age group were also studied. The goats below 1 year were found to carry significantly higher nematode burden than the goats of 1-3 years and above 3 years ...

This paper reports a longitudinal study, conducted in 1989/90, of 1893 children aged 5 to 14 years in 9 poor urban areas of the city of Salvador (population 2.44 million), capital of Bahia State in northeast Brazil. Stool examinations were performed to measure nematode infection and reinfection 9 months after treatment, and an extensive questionnaire was applied to collect information on each c...

BACKGROUND The objective of this study was to evaluate the level of roundworm infection in working horses slaughtered for meat. In these horses anthelmintics had not been used. MATERIAL AND METHODS Roundworms were collected post-mortem from small intestines of 83 horses. RESULTS The mean prevalence of roundworm infection was 12% and intensity--46.7 specimens per horse. Infection was found o...

systemic induction of peroxidase and polyphenoloxidase in tomato roots and stem followed by application of split root system method was investigated. root system of tomato seedling in the sixth growth stage were divided in two equal sections after washing and replanted in two adjacent pots and then inoculated with nematode and fungus as fallowing treatments. the second treatment was inoculation...

Gastrointestinal (GI) nematode infections are an important public health and economic concern. Experimental studies have shown that resistance to infection requires CD4(+) T helper type 2 (Th2) cytokine responses characterized by the production of IL-4 and IL-13. However, despite >30 years of research, it is unclear how the immune system mediates the expulsion of worms from the GI tract. Here, ...

To determine the effect of nematode infection on the response of snails to selected toxins, we infected Helix aspersa with 0-, 0.25-, 1-, or 4-fold the recommended field dose of a commercial nematode application for agricultural use. In the first experiment, the snails also were exposed to cadmium via food and soil at concentrations of 0, 30, 60, 120, or 240 mg/kg in a full-factorial design. In...

Polianthes tuberosa is a commercially valuable flower crop in the Mekong Delta of Vietnam that is propagated by the harvesting and planting of bulbs. The cultivation of P. tuberosa is complicated by an endemic nematode infection that damages a high proportion of the plants. Based on morphological criteria and ribosomal RNA gene sequencing, we have determined that the infection is caused by an A...

Stem cell pools in the SAM (shoot apical meristem), RAM (root apical meristem) and vascular procambium/cambium are regulated by CLE-receptor kinase-WOX signaling modules. Previous data showed that cyst nematode CLE-like effector proteins delivered into host cells through a stylet, act as ligand mimics of plant A-type CLE peptides and are pivotal for successful parasitism. Here we report the ide...