the neighborhood has had a long history in iranian urbanization. since urban plans wereintroduced by the authorities to shape urban development in iran half a century ago, the concept of iranian traditional neighborhood has been neglected gradually. the concept of neighborhood has not found the appropriate status in urban design and planning yet. one of the main reasons is that academics, profe...

There are a variety of causes of adrenal pseudotumors on computerized tomography (CT) scan, including upper-pole renal mass, gastric diverticulum, prominent splenic lobulation, pancreatic mass, hepatic mass, and periadrenal varices. We present a case of a large subhepatic mass that discrimination of its origin from neighborhood organs was difficult preoperatively. Our patient was a 58 years old...

Quasistatic multi-legged locomotion consists of a series of postures where the mechanism supports itself against gravity while moving free limbs to new positions. A posture is robust if the contacts can passively support the mechanism against gravity as well as disturbance forces generated by moving limbs of the mechanism. This paper is concerned with identifying and computing robust postures o...

in this paper, new definitions of $l$-fuzzy closure operator, $l$-fuzzy interior operator, $l$-fuzzy remote neighborhood system, $l$-fuzzy neighborhood system and $l$-fuzzy quasi-coincident neighborhood system are proposed. it is proved that the category of $l$-fuzzy closure spaces, the category of $l$-fuzzy interior spaces, the category of $l$-fuzzy remote neighborhood spaces, the category of ...

The weighted sampling methods based on k-nearest neighbors have been demonstrated to be effective in solving the class imbalance problem. However, they usually ignore positional relationship between a sample and heterogeneous samples its neighborhood when calculating weight. This paper proposes novel neighborhood-weighted method named NWBBagging improve Bagging algorithm's performance imbalance...

There is a growing interest in understanding the effects of specific neighborhood conditions on psychological wellbeing. We examined cross-sectional associations of neighborhood stressors (perceived violence and disorder, physical decay and disorder) and social support (residential stability, family structure, social cohesion, reciprocal exchange, social ties) with depressive symptoms in 3105 a...

The association between neighborhood built environment and cycling has received considerable attention in health literature over the last two decades, but different neighborhood definitions have been used and it is unclear which one is most appropriate. Administrative or fixed residential spatial units (e.g., home-buffer-based neighborhoods) are not necessarily representative for environmental ...

This study identifies factors associated with walking among postmenopausal women and tests whether neighborhood walkability moderates the influence of intrapersonal factors on walking. We used data from the Women's Health Initiative Seattle Center and linear regression models to estimate associations and interactions. Being white and healthy, having a high school education or beyond and greater...

Novel multidisciplinary and multilevel approaches are required to link biologic and social mechanisms with cancer. We propose a new biosocial concept, â??neighborhood cancerization,â?? which postulates that residents of the same geographically-defined regions can be exposed to common unfavorable circumstances. These common neighborhood-level exposures can in turn have biological consequences th...

Digital halftoning provides a mechanism for rendering continuous-tone images on devices such as printers. With electrophotography, the deposition of toner within the area of a given printer addressable pixel is strongly influenced by the halftone values of the immediately neighboring pixels. To account for these effects, it is necessary to embed a printer model in the halftoning algorithm. In o...