Type 2 diabetes has profound effects on metabolism that can be detected in plasma. While increases in circulating non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) are well-described in diabetes, effects on signaling lipids have received little attention. Oxylipins and endocannabinoids are classes of bioactive fatty acid metabolites with many structural members that influence insulin signaling, adipose functio...

To determine the relationship between glycerol and nonesterified fatty acid (NEFA) release from adipose tissue, and to test whether forearm muscle and abdominal adipose tissue are capable of extracting these two lipolytic products from the circulation, 13 male subjects were studied after an overnight fast during combined infusion of radiolabeled palmitate and glycerol. Blood samples were taken ...

Long-chain fatty acids mobilized during early lactation of dairy cows are increasingly used as energy substrate at the expense of acetate. As the synthesis of acetate in the rumen is closely linked to methane (CH4) production, we hypothesized that decreased acetate utilization would result in lower ruminal acetate levels and thus CH4 production. Twenty heifers were sampled for blood, rumen flui...

The adaptive response to a given metabolic load during energy deficiencies varies considerably among animals. The aim of this study was to investigate if individual cows respond in a repeated manner to a negative energy balance (NEB) in early and mid-lactation. Twenty-five multiparous Holstein dairy cows (3.0 ± 1.1 parities; mean ± SD) experienced a NEB during the first weeks of lactation, and ...

Objective. To document sex differences in the impact of the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) on glucose/insulin homeostasis and to verify whether these sex-related effects were associated with changes in nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA). Methods. All foods were provided to 38 men and 32 premenopausal women (24-53 y) during 4 weeks. Variables were measured during a 180 min OGTT before and after the ...

Oxygen levels and temperature can fluctuate rapidly in aquatic environments. Even though the effects of environmental stresses on fish metabolism have been studied extensively, information on fuel kinetics is extremely limited because it relies almost exclusively on changes in substrate concentrations. The turnover rate of nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA) has never been measured in fish. Theref...

Dietary supplementation is an effective means to improve EPA and DHA status. However, it is unclear whether lipid structure affects EPA+DHA bioavailability. We determined the effect of consuming different EPA and DHA lipid structures on their concentrations in blood during the postprandial period and during dietary supplementation compared with unmodified fish oil TAG (uTAG). In a postprandial ...

Prolonged moderate exercise increases the concentration of nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA) and the ratio of unsaturated to saturated (U/S) NEFA in human plasma. The present study examined the duration of these effects and compared them with the effects of coffee ingestion. On separate days and in random order, seven men and six women 1) cycled for 1 h, 2) ingested coffee containing 5 mg caffei...

OBJECTIVE Elevated plasma nonesterified fatty acid (NEFA) concentrations cause peripheral and hepatic insulin resistance and may play an important role in regulating glucose-induced insulin secretion. The aim of our study was to investigate the influence of physiologically elevated NEFA levels on glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in order to find evidence that NEFAs are a potential factor pr...

The objective of this investigation was to use a pharmacokinetic (PK)/pharmacodynamic (PD) approach to describe and evaluate a PK model of nicotinic acid (NiAc) in guinea pigs and a PD feedback model of changes in non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) concentrations in rats following multiple intravenous infusions of NiAc at different rates and durations of inhouse and literature (NEFA after extrava...